Classification of gastritis - code according to ICD-10, Sydney, OLGA

Types of disease

In medical practice, there are several forms of catarrhal gastritis. Each type of disease has its own characteristics of symptoms, localization and progression of the inflammatory process.

Treatment of different forms of the disease also implies differences in treatment regimens. Only a specialist can determine the specific type of disease through a comprehensive examination of the patient.

Acute catarrhal gastritis

Provoking factors for this form of inflammation are regular overeating, exposure to stressful situations and abuse of alcoholic beverages. The disease manifests itself in the form of frequent attacks of heartburn and belching, pain in the digestive system, and general weakness of the body. The patient experiences regular nausea and an unpleasant taste in the mouth.

Chronic catarrhal gastritis

The chronic form of catarrhal gastritis is a complication of the acute type of this disease. The inflammatory process is characterized by extensive damage to the mucous membranes. As the disease progresses, the glands begin to die. The consequence is a violation of motility and secretory activity of the stomach. As a result of a constant lack of appetite, the patient loses body weight.

Additional symptoms are pain, unpleasant taste in the mouth, and regular nausea.

Focal catarrhal gastritis

The inflammatory process in the focal form of catarrhal gastritis affects only one part of the stomach. The disease can be triggered by complications of food allergies or poisoning, regular overeating, the presence of a large number of harmful foods on the menu, and taking medications on an empty stomach. Symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in the form of attacks of vomiting, nausea, and pain.

What is chronic gastritis

Acute gastritis in the urolithiasis is an inflammatory process involving the gastric mucosa, digestive disorders and damage to important layers of the gastric wall.

However, gastritis most often has a chronic course with exacerbations. Moreover, according to theories about the pathogenesis of the disease, inflammation is immediately long-lasting, which makes it possible to distinguish it as a separate nosology even in the ICD. There are three main types of the inflammatory process: A, B and C. The clinical picture of the morphological forms will be the same, but the treatment will be radically different.

Gastritis often occurs in combination with a pathology such as duodenitis, that is, inflammation of the duodenum. Even in the ICD, these pathologies are located in the same section next to each other. The combined inflammatory process is identified as a separate pathology – gastroduodenitis.
The ICD 10 code for chronic gastroduodenitis is represented by the following symbols: K29.9, which is one of the items in the extensive section on inflammation of the stomach.

Causes

The main cause of catarrhal gastritis is considered to be dietary errors. In the presence of pathologies of the digestive system, even a single intake of fatty, salty or spicy food can provoke an exacerbation attack. If your diet regularly contains harmful foods, the risk of disease increases significantly. The intensity of the pain syndrome will depend on the stage of progression of the inflammatory process.

Other reasons:

• excessive consumption of carbonated drinks;
• uncontrolled use of medications (narcotic analgesics, antibiotics, NSAIDs, steroid hormones);
• eating food that is too cold or hot;
• regular overeating;
• injuries to the mucous membranes of the digestive organs;
• the presence of too many spicy or fatty foods in the diet;
• damage to the body by infectious agents (Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, staphylococci);
• alcohol abuse;
• consequences of toxic damage to the digestive system;
• complications of food allergies.

What alcoholic drinks can you drink if you have gastritis?

Alcohol is generally contraindicated for gastritis and you should not drink it. However, such serious celebrations as birthdays are rarely complete without a wide range of alcoholic drinks. Among them there should be those that you can drink for gastritis during remission, without fear of too serious consequences.

1. Unfiltered beer. We are talking about fresh beer that does not contain preservatives. Even in various beverage stores it is almost impossible to find such beer. But in beer bars and restaurants you can order fatty, unfiltered beer. One mug of such a drink should pass without any noticeable harm to health. Increasing the dosage is at the patient's own risk.
2. High quality spirits. High-quality strong alcohol like cognac and vodka will not cause much damage during remission of gastritis. Again, the amount of alcohol more than one or two shots leads to intoxication and all other consequences of alcohol poisoning, and here there is no need to talk about the absence of harm to health.
3. Dry red wine. In addition to alcohol, it contains antioxidants and other beneficial substances. Therefore, 150-200 grams of wine will most likely only benefit the body. If you start drinking wine in bottles, the harm will naturally be greater than the benefit.

It should be remembered that alcohol should not be consumed on an empty stomach. You will also have to re-read the instructions for the medications you are using to determine their compatibility with alcohol. If you experience discomfort after drinking alcohol, you should not take the usual analgesics to prevent double load on the liver.

Symptoms

A distinctive feature of catarrhal gastritis is the sudden onset of pain symptoms. The pain is always intense and is accompanied by additional signs of disorders of the digestive system.

In severe cases of the disease, the patient may experience intoxication of the body. Pain syndrome occurs several hours after exposure to the provoking factor.

Other symptoms:

• bad breath;

• attacks of nausea;
• debilitating vomiting;
• cramps in the calf muscles;
• yellow or white coating on the tongue;
• increased body temperature;
• painful bloating;
• signs of tachycardia;
• arterial hypotension;
• pale skin;
• bile or mucus in vomit;
• vomiting of undigested food particles;
• tremor of the limbs.

First signs

The first signs of catarrhal gastritis appear within a few hours after exposure to an irritating factor. The patient begins to feel heaviness in the digestive organs, nausea and general malaise. Gradually, the symptoms of the disease intensify. These symptoms include pain, increased salivation, and dizziness. At the peak of the disease, diarrhea appears.

The further clinical picture of the patient’s health depends on the timeliness of therapy and the individual characteristics of the body.

Causes and risk factors

The main cause of the formation of reactive gastropathy is alcohol abuse. Ethanol, which is part of it, enters the organs of the upper digestive tract and irritates the mucous membrane.

A number of provoking factors contribute to the progression of the pathological process:

• instability of the psycho-emotional background;
• frequent stress, nervous disorders;
• physical fatigue;
• lack of proper rest;
• systematic overeating leading to obesity;
• nicotine or alcohol addiction;
• monotonous food, poor in nutrients (protein, vitamins).

Diagnosis of catarrhal gastritis

A gastroenterologist diagnoses catarrhal gastritis. When examining the patient, an endoscopist is involved. At the initial stage, the patient undergoes an initial examination. The doctor must study complaints, anamnesis and draw up an individual clinical picture of the health status. Laboratory tests are an integral part of therapy. Further procedures are prescribed in accordance with the results of the initial examination.

Diagnostic methods:

• clinical and biochemical blood test;
• bacteriological examination of vomit;

• analysis of stool for occult blood;
• general and biochemical urine analysis;
• toxicological examination of vomit;
• EGDS;
• CT scan;
• endoscopic biopsy;
• examination of gastric juice;
• X-ray of the stomach;
• electrogastrography;
• antroduodenal manometry.

Nutritional gastritis description

Nutritional gastritis is a disease, the symptoms and treatment of which are practically no different from those for other types of gastritis, but its cause lies in poor nutrition. The main cause of nutritional gastritis is poor nutrition. The disease is characterized by a similar clinical picture for all gastritis.

Patients complain of the following symptoms:

• nausea, vomiting;

The main cause of nutritional gastritis is poor nutrition.

• diarrhea;
• sharp pain in the abdomen;
• violation of taste;
• sour belching;
• headache;
• general weakness in the body;
• elevated temperature;
• aversion to certain foods, etc.

The clinical picture of the disease makes it possible to quickly understand that the patient has gastritis, but establishing its specific form is a more complex process that still needs to be performed. After all, approaches to the treatment of chronic hyperacid, nutritional, toxic and other types of gastritis are different.

Therefore, treatment, including symptomatic treatment, begins only after differential diagnosis, which includes anamnesis, biochemical analysis, X-ray and ultrasound of the stomach, fibrogastroduodenoscopy, etc.

After this, treatment is prescribed, which includes:

• a strict diet (the patient is prohibited from eating fatty, spicy, salty, fried foods, which can lead to re-exacerbation);
• gastric lavage (using sodium bicarbonate solution or alkaline mineral water); cleansing enemas;
• the use of sorbents and other drugs that stabilize the gastrointestinal tract;
• for pain syndrome - take antispasmodics (only after diagnosis has been established).

Timely treatment of alimentary gastritis can prevent its development into a chronic form, therefore, if you have any signs of this disease, you should consult a doctor.

How to treat?

In severe cases, the patient may need to be hospitalized. Mild forms of the disease can be treated on an outpatient basis. Therapy includes taking medications and following a certain diet. If there are complications of gastritis, surgery is prescribed (surgical intervention is carried out only in case of emergency). It is allowed to supplement the course of treatment with some folk remedies. The treatment regimen is always drawn up individually.

Drug therapy

The drug therapy regimen for catarrhal gastritis is drawn up individually. Drugs are selected taking into account the cause of the inflammatory process, the degree of damage to the stomach and the individual characteristics of the patient’s body.

Self-medication of the disease is not recommended. With improper therapy, the risk of developing serious complications increases.

Examples of drugs:

• antacids (Maalox, Rennie, Almagel);
• myotropic antispasmodics for pain relief (Duspatalin, No-Shpa);
• adsorbents (Smecta, Polysorb);
• anticholinergics (Atropine);
• antiemetics (Cerucal, Domperidone);
• antibiotics (Clarithromycin, Tetracycline).

Nutritional Features

During the period of exacerbation of catarrhal gastritis, the patient is recommended to undergo therapeutic fasting. The duration of this period is determined by the doctor. In most cases, food elimination is necessary for one day. Nutrition is restored gradually, from minimal portions. The basis of the menu at the recovery stage should be slimy soups and grated porridges. After a few days, it is allowed to supplement the diet with meat, some types of fermented milk and dairy products, and vegetables. Sausages, spicy, fried, fatty, salty foods, vegetables with coarse fiber, mushrooms, legumes, and baked goods are prohibited.

Nutrition principles:

• Drinks on the menu include compotes, jelly, juices, rosehip decoction, weak black or green tea;
• vegetables are subjected to heat treatment (when introduced into the diet, they should be chopped as much as possible);
• meat should be lean varieties (chicken, veal, beef, rabbit, turkey);
• meals during the diet should be fractional and balanced;
• It is allowed to prepare dishes using the methods of steaming, boiling, stewing (when baking, the formation of a crust is excluded).

Recovery with folk remedies

Alternative medicine offers many recipes for the treatment of gastritis. When choosing a specific product, it is recommended to take into account the individual characteristics of the body. For example, if you have an intolerance to bee products, you should avoid adding honey to recipes.

Folk remedies cannot be used as the main treatment for the disease. Natural components will reduce the symptoms of the inflammatory process, improve immunity, but will not eliminate the pathology.

Examples of folk remedies:

• honey with olive oil (combine 500 ml of olive oil with one glass of honey, add the juice of one lemon to the preparation, you can store the product in the refrigerator, it is recommended to use it in a tablespoon three times a day before meals);
• sprouted wheat grains (wheat grains should be filled with water at room temperature, after the sprouts appear, grind the workpiece in a blender, mix the mass with vegetable oil, consume the product one teaspoon before meals);
• aloe juice with honey (mix 100 g of honey with a glass of aloe juice, take the product thirty minutes before meals three times a day, the course of treatment is no more than three weeks).

Treatment of alcoholic gastritis

Alcoholic gastritis can be cured at the age of 50 with a positive prognosis for the future. Stomach cells recover quickly; in the absence of irritants and proper nutrition and treatment, recovery from gastritis is a matter of time. For maximum effect, it is advisable to give up not only alcohol, but also smoking tobacco during treatment.

Diagnosis of the disease, determination of the condition and form of the disease and prescription of treatment occurs after tests and endoscopic examination. Gastroscopy is a guaranteed way to diagnose gastritis and other stomach diseases.

In an alcoholic, under the influence of alcohol, all of these symptoms of the disease may decrease or disappear. Since alcohol temporarily suppresses unpleasant symptoms, it becomes even more difficult to persuade a drinker to stop drinking. In a patient leading a sober lifestyle, alcohol will cause the opposite effect - the appearance of unpleasant sensations and increased symptoms of the disease.

In any case, the process of treating gastritis is based on several settings:

1. Following a strict diet, proper and healthy nutrition. It is advisable to eat home-cooked foods, without fried or fatty foods.
2. Quitting alcohol and smoking is a serious step, but it can speed up the recovery of the stomach after illness several times.
3. Both diet and drug treatment must be systematic and long enough. It may take many months for the stomach tissues and all their functions to fully recover, depending on the patient’s condition at the time of treatment.

You should not self-medicate - all medications are prescribed by a gastroenterologist, who can be seen by referral from a general practitioner. Observation by a gastroenterologist is necessary throughout the entire period of treatment and recovery.

Complications and consequences

Catarrhal gastritis does not pose a threat to the patient’s life, but some consequences of the inflammatory process can provoke irreversible changes in the functional state of the digestive system. The disease can take a chronic form, in which periods of remission are replaced by periodic exacerbations. Inflammation leads to the formation of erosions on the tissues of the stomach. The consequence may be a peptic ulcer.

Video - Catarrhal gastritis: what is it, how to treat it?

Other classifications

In addition to the international classification of diseases, ICD 10, a number of different classifications have been developed that are widely used throughout the world. They are sometimes more convenient for clinical use than ICD-10, which is primarily aimed at statistical recording.

For example, in the 90s of the last century the “Sydney Classification” was developed. It includes two criteria by which diseases are classified. The histological section includes etiological factors, morphology and topographic criteria. According to the classification, all chronic inflammatory processes in the stomach are divided into Helicobacter, autoimmune, and reactive. Endoscopic classification considers the severity of mucosal edema and hyperemia of the stomach walls.

In recent years, a fundamentally new gradation of inflammatory processes in the stomach has been developed. The division of pathological conditions is carried out taking into account the severity of morphological changes. The advantages include the fact that it becomes possible to determine the extent of the spread of the pathological process and determine the severity of atrophy based on the results of the therapy.

Prevention

The main measure for the prevention of catarrhal gastritis is compliance with the diet. The diet should not contain foods that can cause irritation of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract. You should not eat fast food or processed foods too often, or add excessive amounts of hot seasonings to your dishes.

Prolonged fasting or overeating should also be avoided.

Prevention measures:

• the diet should be dominated by healthy foods and dishes prepared by boiling, baking, stewing, and steaming;
• exclusion from the menu of unhealthy foods, too fatty, salty, spicy, fried foods;
• taking medications according to the regimens prescribed by the doctor or instructions;
• healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, sufficient physical activity;
• strengthening the immune system (taking vitamin complexes, gentle hardening);
• prevention of infectious, viral, bacterial diseases;
• timely treatment of any disease (regardless of etiology);
• if there are problems with the digestive system, regular examination by a gastroenterologist.

Treatment methods and diet when acute gastroduodenitis is diagnosed ICD 10 - K29-1

Treatment methods for acute gastroduodenitis against the background of alcoholic gastritis include several types of drugs:

• antacids;
• antidotes;
• adsorbents;
• disinfectants;
• antiseptics;
• antihistamines;
• tetracyclines.

First of all, you need to cleanse your stomach. To do this, drink 2 liters of water colored with manganese to a faint, slightly noticeable pink color and induce vomiting. Then take steps to remove toxins.

On your own, before consulting a doctor, you should drink 5–6 tablets of activated carbon or another adsorbent drug. It binds in the stomach and removes toxins and alkaloids. You can take tetracycline if the temperature has increased, chamomile decoction with mint or monastery tea. Herbs will relieve pain and inflammation and improve the condition. You can drink brine and other acidic drinks only if you are sure that the acidity is low or neutral.

Activated carbon - first aid

The same should be done when overeating, eating spicy foods, fatty fried meats and cakes.

Poor food and strict diets can also provoke exacerbation of gastroduodenitis. Lack of proteins and carbohydrates, lack of irreplaceable amino acids, fasting leads to irritation of the walls of the stomach and intestines with juice and enzymes.