Ovarian cyst: ICD code 10

general information

Short description

Functional dyspepsia is a symptom complex in children over one year of age, including pain, discomfort or a feeling of fullness in the epigastric region, associated or not associated with eating or exercise, early satiety, bloating, nausea, regurgitation, intolerance to fatty foods, etc. , lasting at least 3 months over the last 6 months, in which the examination process fails to identify any organic disease.

Description

 Functional stomach disorders.

This is a series of pathologies that are associated with impaired motility and secretory function of the stomach without significant changes in the structure of the mucous membrane. They manifest themselves as symptoms of dyspepsia (nausea, loss of appetite, periodic vomiting) and pain. To make a diagnosis, the following studies are carried out: fractional gastric intubation, esophagogastroscopy, electrogastrography, radiography of the stomach, ultrasound of the abdominal organs. Treatment is conservative and includes drug therapy, diet therapy, and proper diet.

Differential diagnosis

Table 1. Criteria for differential diagnosis of functional dyspepsia

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Intestinal colic, ICD code 10 - K59 , belongs to diseases of the digestive system. It is characterized by paroxysmal pain in the abdominal area, which can go away on its own. Despite the wave-like nature of the attacks, colic can signal serious diseases of the digestive tract (gastritis, ulcers).

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What does pathology mean?

Functional bowel disorder includes several types of intestinal disorders. All of them are united by the main symptom: impaired motor function of the intestines. The disorders usually appear in the middle or lower parts of the digestive tract. They are not the result of neoplasms or biochemical disorders.

Let us list what pathologies this includes:

• Irritable bowel syndrome.
• The same pathology with constipation.
• Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea.
• Chronic functional pain.
• Fecal incontinence.

The class of “diseases of the digestive organs” includes a functional disorder of the intestine; in ICD-10 the pathology is assigned code K59. Let's look at the most common types of functional disorders.

Coding of intestinal colic according to ICD 10

Intestinal colic is not an independent pathology, but a symptom of indigestion. Therefore, its designation according to international standards has several variations:

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General symptoms

If a person has a functional bowel disorder, symptoms may include the following. They are characteristic of many of the above diseases:

• Pain in the abdominal area.
• Bloating. Involuntary passage of gas.
• Lack of stool for several days.
• Diarrhea.
• Frequent belching.
• False urge to defecate.
• The consistency of the stool is liquid or hard and contains mucus or blood.

The following symptoms are also possible, which confirm intoxication of the body:

• Headache.
• Weakness.
• Cramps in the abdominal area.
• Nausea.
• Heavy sweating.

What needs to be done and which doctor should I contact for help?

Functional gastrointestinal disorder

By “functional disorder of the stomach and intestines” we mean a number of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that are not associated with changes in the structure of the digestive organs. FGIT (functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract) is characterized by the presence of:

FRF appears due to:

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1. Hereditary predisposition.
2. Mental instability (severe stress, constant worries).
3. Heavy physical work.
4. Infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

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FGIT is spoken of when its symptoms have bothered the patient for 6 months or more. Moreover, symptoms must actively manifest within 3 months.

Making a diagnosis

I would like to note that in case of an unspecified functional disorder of the intestine, the diagnosis is made on the basis that the patient continues to have the following symptoms for 3 months:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort.
• Defecation is either too frequent or difficult.
• The consistency of the stool is either watery or compacted.
• The process of defecation is disrupted.
• There is no feeling of complete bowel movement.
• There is mucus or blood in the stool.
• Flatulence.

Palpation is important during examination; it should be superficial and deep sliding. You should pay attention to the condition of the skin and the increased sensitivity of certain areas. If you look at a blood test, as a rule, it does not have any pathological abnormalities. An X-ray examination will show signs of dyskinesia of the large intestine and possible changes in the small intestine. Irrigoscopy will show painful and uneven filling of the large intestine. An endoscopic examination will confirm swelling of the mucous membrane and an increase in the secretory activity of the glands. It is also necessary to exclude gastric and duodenal ulcers. The coprogram will show the presence of mucus and excessive fragmentation of stool. Ultrasound reveals pathology of the gallbladder, pancreas, pelvic organs, osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine and atherosclerotic lesions of the abdominal aorta. After examining the stool using bacteriological analysis, an infectious disease is excluded.

What causes intestinal colic?

Colic is a consequence of irritation of the intestinal walls by a provoking factor. Smooth muscles respond to this with a strong contraction (spasm). Intense physical activity can trigger colic. During this, tension in the mesentery occurs, which leads to stabbing pain in the left side of the abdomen.

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Colic occurs due to:

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1. Immaturity of gastrointestinal tract structures, flora insufficiency (in children).
2. Eating heavy foods that contribute to the formation of gases (flour products, fried foods, soda).
3. Exposure to large amounts of air when eating. This can happen if you talk during a meal or eat on the go.
4. Constipation.
5. Entry of a foreign body into the gastrointestinal tract.
6. Food allergy (to lactose).
7. Allergic reactions.
8. Disorders of blood supply to various parts of the intestine. This occurs due to ulcerative formations and diverticulosis.
9. Intestinal obstruction.

Irritable bowel syndrome

This disease refers to a functional disorder of the intestine (in ICD-10 code K58). In this syndrome, there are no inflammatory processes and the following symptoms are observed:

• Colon motility disorder.
• Bloating.
• Rumbling in the intestines.
• Flatulence.
• The stool changes - sometimes diarrhea, sometimes constipation.
• On examination, pain in the area of ​​the cecum is characteristic.
• Chest pain.
• Headache.
• Cardiopalmus.

There may be several types of pain:

• Bursting.
• Pressing.
• Dumb.
• Cramping.
• Intestinal colic.
• Migration pain.

It is worth noting that pain can intensify as a result of positive or negative emotions, in case of stress, as well as during physical activity. Sometimes after eating. Passing gas and stool can relieve pain. As a rule, with functional disorders, intestinal pain disappears at night when falling asleep, but may resume in the morning.

In this case, the following course of the disease is observed:

• After defecation there is relief.
• Gases accumulate and a feeling of bloating appears.
• The stool changes its consistency.
• The frequency and process of defecation is disrupted.
• There may be mucus discharge.

If several symptoms persist for some time, the doctor will diagnose irritable bowel syndrome. A functional disorder of the intestine (ICD-10 identifies such a pathology) also includes constipation. Let us consider further the features of the course of this disorder.

Manifestation of colic in children, their causes

In an infant, intestinal colic is a widespread phenomenon. It often occurs in 1-4 months of a baby’s life. A child reacts to the appearance of colic as follows:

The baby's tummy is tense. Its palpation brings painful sensations to the little patient. The attacks occur at certain hours at night and recur within a week or two.

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In children under 4 months of age, colic is not a pathology, but a consequence of enzymatic disorders. Its symptoms are observed in children, both bottle-fed and natural-fed.

The cause of discomfort in the intestinal area may be:

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1. Infection.
2. Allergy to dairy products or breast milk.
3. Inflammation.
4. Psychogenic factor (tense family situation, mother's depression).

Intestinal colic in newborns - video

How to eliminate intestinal colic?

Intestinal colic, despite its pain, is a temporary phenomenon. However, patients always have a desire to get rid of unpleasant attacks once and for all. What can help relieve colic symptoms?

Effective methods are:

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• Abdominal and back massage. It is done using smooth circular movements.
• Applying warm objects (heating pad or compress) to the abdomen.
• Taking warm baths. They have a beneficial effect on the abdominal walls, relaxing them.

Medications that are suitable for patients include:

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1. Preparations based on simethicone. Thanks to the action of the latter, bloating disappears and excess gases are eliminated.
2. Medicines containing trimebutine. This substance improves intestinal function. It also controls the tension and relaxation of its walls.

Herbal infusions help reduce pain. They are prepared from chamomile and mint.

For children with colic it is recommended:

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• Light abdominal massage.
• Place on tummy.
• Give fennel teas.

Prevention of colic in children

The following ways help prevent colic in infants:

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• It is necessary to feed the baby in an upright position, having previously removed all possible irritating factors from the room.
• Make sure your baby is getting food and not air when bottle feeding.
• After eating, it is important to hold the baby in an upright position (carry in your arms for 10 minutes).
• Organize the menu of a nursing mother so that it does not contain fatty foods, as well as foods that can cause a hyperreaction in the child (citrus fruits, chocolate).

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It is important for the patient not to self-medicate, but to seek help from a qualified specialist if symptoms similar to colic begin to bother him.

Causes of the disease

The development of functional gastric disorder (FSD) is based on two main reasons:

1. Hereditary predisposition. Very often, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of functional origin can be traced in several generations of the same family. This is associated with genetically determined characteristics of neurohumoral regulation, the type of nervous activity and inherited characteristics of the autonomic nervous system.
2. Excessive mental and physical stress. Acute and chronic stress play an important role.

For the development of FGD, even in conditions of hereditary burden, the body must be exposed to a whole complex of unfavorable factors. Let's look at the main ones.

1.Primary causes . Associated with the influence of exogenous factors, these include:

• eating fatty, spicy and rough foods;
• smoking, especially on an empty stomach;
• abuse of strong alcoholic drinks;
• irregular meals, dry food, long intervals between meals;
• acute and chronic stressful situations;
• excessive physical activity;
• harsh working conditions (for example, work in hot shops, coal mining);
• infectious diseases;
• allergic reactions to foods (honey, milk, eggs, chocolate, eggs, fish);
• helminthic infestations.

2. Secondary causes . Associated with the adverse effects on the digestive tract of diseases of other organs and systems:

• chronic diseases of the pancreas, gall bladder and liver;
• duodenitis, duodenal ulcer;
• chronic colitis, diverticulosis of the large intestine;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD);
• chronic heart failure;
• kidney disease;
• unsanitized foci of infection in the body - carious teeth, indolent otitis media, sinusitis, sinusitis.

How does functional indigestion develop?

Irregular food intake leads to disruption of the rhythm of production of hormones that regulate the secretory and motor function of the digestive tract. As a rule, their hypersecretion develops, which stimulates the formation of gastric juice. Excessively spicy and fatty foods, as well as nicotine and caffeine, have a similar effect.

In secondary disorders, the main role in the development of pathology is played by excessive activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and, as a consequence, the effect of impulses from the vagus nerve on the stomach. This leads to disruption of the motor function of the organ and the appearance of pain.

Why does my stomach hurt due to nervousness?

Violation of the nervous regulation of the gastrointestinal tract leads to the following:

1. There is a disruption in the synthesis of hydrochloric acid. An increase in the production of hydrochloric acid leads to disruption of the processes of its neutralization in the antrum of the stomach. Increased acidity is one of the causes of pain in functional gastric dyspepsia.
2. The motility of the gastroduodenal muscles is impaired. High tone of the nervous system also activates the smooth muscles of the internal organs. As a result, the stomach muscles are in a state of chronic spasm, which accelerates the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract and disrupts the digestion process.
3. The sensitivity of the digestive tract receptors that send signals to the central nervous system to stretching increases, which further disrupts the regulatory mechanisms.

Usually one of the dysregulations predominates in the patient, so there are several forms of FRD:

1. Ulcer-like. Develops with hyperproduction of hydrochloric acid. It manifests itself predominantly as pain in the epigastric region.
2. Dyskinetic . Caused by impaired motility of the stomach and duodenum, as well as changes in the sensitivity of internal (visceral) receptors.

Identification of the leading link in the development of the disease plays an important role in prescribing treatment.