Removing polyps in the rectum is the only correct method of disposal. Drug treatment does not help, especially if the disease is already at an advanced stage. A professional, well-done operation can help. The method is radical, but its effectiveness is evidenced by hundreds of positive reviews and experiences of patients. The operation is not difficult for medicine. The main thing is to remove the growths in time, before they grow to the extent that requires serious surgical intervention.
A polyp is a benign growth that can occur at any age, but more often in adults. The shape is round. The epithelium grows, causing the appearance of a growth. They form anywhere, including in the sigmoid colon. If it appears, it must be removed immediately. Under compulsory medical insurance, you can go to any clinic.
Briefly about the main thing
Surgery to remove rectal polyps ( polypectomy ) is necessary because colorectal cancer in 95% of cases develops from such formations.
The degree of risk of malignant transformation depends on the size, type of structure and cellular composition of the pathological growth. Timely diagnosis makes it possible to remove potential cancer using a low-traumatic method, which implies: • minimal risk of complications; • slight severity of postoperative symptoms (pain, weakness, dizziness, etc.); • short recovery period.
In the clinic of City Clinical Hospital No. 31, such operations are common practice. We recommend seeking help in a timely manner in order to get rid of the disease quickly and relatively painlessly.
Postoperative period
The recovery period is largely determined by the volume of surgical intervention. Typically, complete restoration of the intestinal mucosa occurs on the 14th day after surgery.
To speed up healing and prevent complications, doctors prescribe:
- medications,
- physiotherapy,
- enemas and suppositories with anesthetics and antibacterial composition.
With minimally invasive removal methods, rehabilitation lasts about 14-21 days. For large volumes or resections, recovery may take more than a year.
Sick leave
All patients are entitled to sick leave after removal, which is determined by the specifics of the patient’s professional activity.
Long-term sick leave is prescribed when:
- large volume of operations,
- burdened clinical history,
- and also due to the inability to lift weights in the near future.
Nutritional Features
After surgery, a therapeutic diet is prescribed to prevent constipation and ease bowel movements. The strict diet lasts about a week, after which you can return to your usual diet.
The main recommendations of doctors are:
- Eating only crushed food;
- Eating warm foods;
- Cooking food by steaming, boiling or baking.
It is important to eat low-fat broths, butter or vegetable oils to facilitate bowel movements. It is important to adhere to the drinking regime. Drinking softens stool and speeds up its elimination.
The essence of the problem
Polyp is a medical term adopted to designate a formation that rises above the surface of the mucous membrane of a hollow organ. Polyps can grow in the stomach, intestines, gall bladder, sinuses, bladder, and on the inner surface of the cervix and body of the uterus.
The term “polyp” implies a benign process, but the exact nature of a suspicious neoplasm can only be determined through histological examination of its cells.
The large intestine is a favorite location for such neoplasms. Preventative colonoscopy detects polyps in 3% of patients; 70% of neoplasms are localized in the rectum.
Men suffer from this pathology 2-3 times more often than women.
The risk of development depends on age (78% of patients have crossed the age line of 55 years).
Main hazards
The main danger of polyps in the rectum and other parts of the intestine is their ability to degenerate into cancer.
Other severe, life-threatening complications of the development of the disease include:
- intestinal obstruction;
- peritonitis;
- paraproctitis;
- large blood loss;
- anemia, etc.
Appearance
The appearance of polyps is varied: most grow on a thin stalk, hanging into the intestinal lumen. Less common are neoplasms with a wide base, and even less common are tumor-like forms that slightly rise above the surface of the rectal mucosa. The size of a typical polyp is from 0.5 to 2 cm, but there are also giant forms that can block the intestinal lumen. As the size of the formation increases, the risk of transformation into a malignant tumor increases. Small formations (up to 0.5 cm) are represented predominantly by hyperplastic polyps , the cells of which differ little from normal epithelial cells and are characterized by a minimal risk of cancer transformation.
Large pathological elements (more than 2 cm) often have a villous surface, which is easily injured and bleeds. Such neoplasms are especially dangerous in terms of transformation into rectal cancer .
Polyps in the rectum: symptoms
Polyps do not have specific clinical manifestations indicating that they are the cause of their appearance. Their severity and general presence are determined by the diameter of the neoplasms, their number, location, coverage and morphological structure. The presence/absence of malignant development also plays an important role. As a rule, the development of small polyps occurs almost unnoticed by the patient, and they are diagnosed accidentally during examinations. As for large specimens, the symptoms characteristic of them also appear in other pathological conditions.
| Symptom | How is it manifested? What is it characterized by? |
| Feeling of discomfort and presence of a foreign object in the rectum | The most specific clinical manifestation for polyps, developing as a result of their pressure on the intestinal wall. Appears only when their formation is of medium or large diameter and is periodic due to peristalsis. It can take on a bursting character when large in size due to constipation. |
| Painful sensations | They occur when large polyps close the intestinal lumen and cause fecal stagnation, which stretches the walls of the organ, causing pain. |
| Stool disorders | They manifest themselves at the initial stage in the form of rare, prolonged constipation, followed by diarrhea. As the polyp develops, constipation appears more often and lasts longer. |
| Impurities of blood and mucus in stool | The appearance of mucus is provoked by increased secretion of the glands of the mucous membrane, which produce mucus to facilitate the passage of feces through the intestines. It develops due to the presence of a polyp, which acts as an irritant. As for blood, its presence indicates that the integrity of the intestinal blood vessels is impaired or there is pinching/death of the polyp. |
Causes
The causes of polypoid formations are disclosed only for certain types of pathology (familial polyposis). The risk groups for developing polyps in the intestines are calculated statistically. • The age factor is of great importance. WHO recommends regular colonoscopy after age 55. • In second place in importance is hereditary predisposition (benign tumors and/or rectal cancer in close relatives). • Doctors believe that additional factors are necessary for the genetic defect to occur: chronic inflammatory processes in the large intestine and/or congestion associated with stool retention. • The nature of nutrition matters: dairy and plant foods reduce the risk of benign and malignant formations. The presence of carcinogens in food, including smoked foods, can trigger the development of cancer.
To remove or not - patient management tactics
Polypous growths are rarely accompanied by any symptomatic picture at the very beginning of development, however, as they grow and increase in volume, patients experience:
- sharp pains,
- defecation disorder
- atypical discharge during bowel movements (mucus, blood, pus),
- other signs of polyps in the rectum in adults.
Most often, patients learn about rectal polyposis during a routine examination or preventive medical examination for another disease.
If an anal canal polyp , then its size, degree of overlap of the lumen, accompanying symptoms, potential risks of malignancy, as well as multiplicity are of great clinical importance.
There are two main key tactics:
- Expectant, control-dynamic . If the polyp is single and small in size, then doctors may choose a wait-and-see approach. If within a year the tumor does not manifest itself in any way, does not grow or spread to the mucous membranes, then the patient continues to be monitored.
- Surgery . Unfortunately, surgery is the only adequate treatment method for polyps of any size and quantity. Despite the effectiveness of the method, no operation guarantees the absence of the risk of relapse. Often polyps reappear not far from the removed one.
Note : waiting has one main disadvantage - patients calm down and simply stop visiting. Later, such persons may consult a doctor because of severe pain and severe symptoms of cancer at the last stage.
Surgery is indicated when characteristic symptoms occur or serious pathologies develop:
- Intestinal obstruction;
- Frequent exacerbations of enterocolitis;
- Development of paraproctitis;
- Regular stool instability;
- Cracks in the rectum.
Main hazards
Clinicians recommend removal of growths regardless of their size, structure and location.
This is due to the following dangers in the distant future:
- Risk of cancerous transformation of cells;
- Strangulation of a pedunculated polyp (tissue necrosis, bleeding);
- Regular damage to the tumor and the development of iron deficiency anemia:
- Attachment of infections and secondary inflammations.
If you have a burdened clinical history, or if there are cases of rectal cancer in close relatives, you should immediately prepare for surgery to remove polyps!
Polyp sizes
A small growth in the lumen of the rectum does not guarantee safety against cancer. In clinical practice, there are cases of malignancy, first of small villi of polyps less than 0.4 mm, and then of the body of the formation itself.
However, a single conditional measure of the risk of malignancy is identified according to the principle: the larger the size of the polyp, the higher the risk of cell malignancy. With polyps 1 cm in size, the risk of malignancy increases due to an increase in the possibility of damage to the growth and the development of complications due to blocking of the lumens.
Clinicians recommend removal of any tumors.
- Firstly , the removed polyps are sent for histological examination and cytology to determine the nature of the neoplasm. If the results are positive, the patient is registered at the dispensary and individual management tactics are determined.
- Secondly , removal prevents the risks of non-oncogenic complications associated with the growth of polyps.
Symptoms
Rectal polyps are characterized by an asymptomatic course. In typical cases, formations are discovered accidentally during examinations that were prescribed for preventive purposes or for the diagnosis of another disease. Symptoms appear with significant growth sizes, as well as with multiple polyposis. • Formations consisting of fibrous tissue are prone to inflammatory reactions, which are manifested by signs of proctitis: frequent painful urge to defecate, loose stools, mucus and pus on the surface of the stool. • Adenomatous (glandular) polyps secrete a lot of mucus into the intestinal lumen, which can cause loose stools. • Villous formations often bleed, so blood may be released in the stool. • growing on a long stalk can “fall out” from the anus, attracting the attention of patients.
Consequences and prognosis
Even minimally invasive methods can contribute to the development of complications, which is why it is important to monitor your own well-being in the early and late postoperative periods.
Reasons to see a doctor are:
- the appearance of blood, mucus or pus in the stool;
- vomiting and nausea;
- swelling in the legs;
- temperature increase;
- deterioration of general condition.
For a successful operation, only the professionalism of the doctor is not enough. The prognostic criteria are largely influenced by the patient’s discipline regarding his own health.
A proctologist talks about the problem:
The prognosis for polyps is ambiguous and depends on multiple factors. Unfavorable prognosis is usually due to the appearance of symptoms, malignancy of the tumor, and also in the absence of proper treatment.
You can make an appointment with a doctor directly on our website.
- 6 minutes to read
Intestinal polyposis is considered a common disease. When the growths are large or inflamed, they require removal. The operation for resection of polyps is performed in various ways, the choice of which is made by the attending physician.
Content
Complications
• Large polyps can block the intestinal lumen and cause a fatal condition - acute intestinal obstruction. • Bleeding from villous growths contributes to the development of anemia. • Secretion of mucus by adenomatous tumors leads to dehydration and symptoms of hypokalemia : ___• increased fatigue; ___• muscle weakness up to the development of paralysis; ___• heart rhythm disturbances. • The inflammatory process associated with fibrous formations depletes the body and can be complicated by purulent inflammation of the perirectal tissue and sepsis. • Adenomatous and villous polyps inevitably develop into rectal cancer 5-15 years after their occurrence. Treatment for rectal cancer often involves “life with a colostomy bag” and painful courses of chemotherapy. High mortality is associated with early liver metastases, in such cases the prognosis becomes hopeless.
Conservative treatment
Polyps are a surgical disease that cannot be treated with conservative methods . However, every rule has its exceptions. For small hyperplastic polyps, dynamic observation may be prescribed. The fact is that very small formations are difficult to remove without causing harm to the intestinal wall. Therefore, they are allowed to “ripen.”
Epithelial hyperplasia is associated with an inflammatory process. Therefore, conservative treatment with dynamic observation is aimed at eliminating diseases that provoke an inflammatory reaction.
Such pathologies include: • proctitis, • sigmoiditis, • hemorrhoids, • as well as inflammatory processes in the “neighboring” organs of the genitourinary system.
Types of surgical interventions
All types of surgical interventions can be divided into two large groups: traditional operations and minimally invasive techniques. Intervention using a minimally invasive method involves the use of endoscopic techniques and the latest technologies: • radio wave radiation, • laser, • electrocoagulation loop.
Such techniques are called “treatment without surgery” because they: • do not involve opening the abdominal cavity and intestinal cavity; • carried out using a bloodless method; • have a short recovery period with minimal severity of unpleasant side effects (pain, weakness, etc.).
traditional interventions to for impressively sized polyps, as well as for malignant neoplasms. If the growth is located in close proximity to the anus (up to 10-12 cm), then the operation is performed through the rectum. Otherwise, surgeons obtain surgical access by opening the abdominal cavity.
Features and methods of anal polyp removal
Surgical intervention of any volume requires mandatory preparation, highly specialized diagnostics and a rehabilitation period to prevent complications.
The choice of surgical removal method is selected based on multiple diagnostic criteria and treatment goals. Often methods are combined with each other for the greatest effectiveness of treatment.
Preparatory period before surgery
Given the planned nature of the operation, patients have time to carefully prepare for the intervention. The exception is cases requiring emergency surgical care (strangulation of polyps by the sphincteral parts of the intestine, intense bleeding).
A few days before the intervention, patients should adhere to the following recommendations::
- Maintaining a gentle diet;
- Cleansing the intestines with enemas or medication - this can be preparing the intestines for colonoscopy with Fortrans, Lavacol, Microlax, Duphalac.
During preparation, an additional diagnostic examination is performed, the choice of anesthesia is discussed, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body.
6 Basic Removal Methods
The choice of removal method depends on multiple factors. If the growths are large, there are many of them, and their structure raises doctors’ concerns about malignancy, then the full extent of the operation is prescribed. For single polyps less than 1 cm, minimally invasive methods are used.
Electroexcision
The electroexcision method is otherwise called the electric loop excision method. The operation is carried out using a rectoscope - a special device, on the tip of which there is a thin loop of metal thread. The operation is performed under sedation or general anesthesia. If the patient's sensitivity to pain is low, local injection with anesthetics is sufficient.
During the manipulation, a loop is placed over the polypous lesion and sharply tightened, after which an electric charge is applied to heat the loop. As it heats up, the loop is tightened, which leads to bloodless removal of the polyp due to the simultaneous excision and soldering of the vessels.
The main advantages of the method are considered:
- Minimally invasive method;
- Execution speed;
- No complications.
The choice of electroexcision is effective for single polyps with a stalk less than 3 cm. The limitation of the method is that the distance of the polyp from the anal ring is no more than 30 cm.
Transanal removal
The transanal section of the polyp assumes its localization no further than 10-12 cm from the anal sphincter, as well as for single polyps without signs of malignancy. Before the procedure, it is important to thoroughly clean the intestines of feces and stagnation in order to avoid secondary infection of the wound surface. The operation is performed under local or general anesthesia.
The anus is treated with an antiseptic, dilated with dilators, speculums are inserted and fixed. Next, forceps are inserted into the expanded canal, with which the stem of the growth is pulled back and the body is cut off with a scalpel. The wound is sutured with a catgut suture.
If the polypous lesion has a wide stroma, then such a neoplasm is excised within healthy tissue, and the mucosal defect is sutured with a catgut suture. The total duration of the manipulation is 15-30 minutes.
Endoscopic removal
Removal is carried out using a surgical device - a proctoscope. The instrument is equipped with a probe for introducing carbon dioxide and a lighting device to improve visualization. As the manipulation progresses, the proctoscope is inserted into the lumen of the rectal canal and gas is injected to dilate the intestines. Next, a thorough examination of the rectal cavity is carried out and polyps are removed using endoscopic equipment and instruments.
The main advantages are:
- Possibility of carrying out diagnostic and treatment measures;
- Simultaneous removal and coagulation of blood vessels;
- Bloodlessness;
- Minimal risks of complications;
- Possibility of taking biopsy samples for histology and cytology.
The method has much in common with colonoscopy and endoscopic removal, but is limited by the extent of the affected area.
Please note : a proctoscope allows you to assess only the condition of the rectal lumen and rectum, while colonoscopy allows you to assess the entire length of the intestine with its distal parts.
The operation is performed under local anesthesia or general anesthesia as indicated. The total duration is 15-20 minutes.
Polypectomy as a method of removal
Polypectomy involves excision of polypous tumors using two main methods, using:
- Sigmoidoscope . The use of a sigmoidoscope involves expanding the lumen of the rectum with the help of air atmospheres and additionally improving visualization with a lighting device. The hollow organ fully opens, allowing the doctor to assess the true condition of the intestinal mucosa and the location of the polyp. Manipulations using a sigmoidoscope are carried out when the growth is no more than 30 cm from the anal sphincter.
- Colonoscope . Colonoscopy is used when the polypous lesion is significantly removed from the anus. The total length of the probe for examining all parts of the large intestine and rectum is 145 cm. The operation is performed using a colonoscope - endoscopic equipment equipped with optics, lighting and additional passages for surgical manipulations. The additional instrumental stroke of the colonoscope allows you to remove polyps using electrocoagulation, laser, or a loop. Read more about what a colonoscopy is and how it is performed here.
Polypectomy has the following advantages::
- Less traumatic;
- High performance;
- Bloodlessness;
- Low level of complications;
- Possibility of biopsy.
Preoperative diagnosis
The proctologist diagnoses formations located near the anus during a digital examination. However, the main method for diagnosing rectal polyps is a hardware examination using sigmoidoscopy, which will provide a volume of information sufficient to select a treatment method: • localization, size and morphological appearance of growths; • presence of complications (bleeding, suppuration); • histological type of tumor (tissue sampling is carried out according to indications); • condition of the rectum.
If the doctor decides to undergo surgery, it will be necessary to undergo a standard preoperative examination, which includes: • a general blood and urine test; • blood chemistry; • determination of blood group and Rh factor; • coagulogram + determination of blood sugar levels; • tests to detect blood-borne infections (hepatitis B and C, HIV, syphilis); • ECG; • fluorography; • consultation with a therapist, and for women - consultation with a gynecologist.
Additionally, you may need: • gastroscopy (EGD); • colonoscopy; • CT scan of the abdominal cavity; • Doppler ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities; • ECHO-KG.
Treatment methods
Drug treatment does not bring results. Education refers to the initial form of cancer. The patient is not asked whether the polyp needs to be removed. Having identified a tumor in the intestine and examined the type, the doctor recommends a surgical method of treatment. When determining the type of operation, the surgeon takes into account the patient’s age, the severity of the disease, and the presence of pathological intestinal processes. Let's consider surgical options.
Endomicrosurgical method of removal
Surgical intervention is performed using a proctoscope. An instrument equipped with a camera and a light bulb is inserted into the anus. Gas is supplied to the operation site through the tube, the intestine expands, and access to the operation site is freed. Thanks to the camera, an enlarged picture of what is happening is shown on the monitor.
Endomicrosurgical polyp removal
The surgeon examines the shape of the polyp, type. The formation is removed using endoscopic instruments. An endoscopist will need 8 minutes to examine any part of the colon. The operation is prescribed at the initial stage of tumor development. Bleeding is eliminated by coagulation.
Electroexcision method
The day before surgery, the patient eats a minimal amount of food. The patient's intestines are cleansed with laxatives and enemas. The patient is injected with local anesthesia, asked to take a knee-elbow position, and a colonoscope lubricated with gel is inserted into the anus. Using a colonoscope tube, a loop of thin metal cable is inserted into the surgical site. The stalk of the polyp is captured with a loop. A device generating current is brought closer to the loop. The action takes a few seconds, and as a result the polyp burns off.
If necessary, the current supply is repeated. The wall is cauterized. If the base has a large area, it is removed in parts. When the polyp is large, a repeat operation is performed. It is prescribed two weeks after the first one. The mucous membrane should heal. Colonoscopy eliminates bleeding and is performed faster than truncation using other methods. If the polyp is located far from the anus, the surgeon chooses a different method.
Resection of the rectum
An endoscope is used for examination. The operation involves partial or complete removal of the rectum. Resection is prescribed when a benign polyp becomes malignant. The removal operation is performed by surgeons under general anesthesia. The size of the area to be removed is determined individually; in rare cases, the entire rectum is removed. The goal is to prevent the spread of metastases and the spread of cancer to other parts of the intestine.
Rectal resection
Laser polyp removal
Laser removal of polyps is carried out in two ways: coagulation and excision.
Laser coagulation consists of layer-by-layer cauterization of the formation, carried out under local anesthesia. Excision – classic polypectomy using a laser scalpel. This surgical method is used if the polyp is located no further than 8 cm from the anal ring. Laser treatment is performed under general anesthesia. The postoperative period lasts 15-20 days, the patient is prescribed a strict diet.
Transanal excision
The operation is prescribed if the formation has a villous, adenomatous structure and is located up to 10 cm from the anus. The patient is given local anesthesia. The doctor widens the anus, pulls out the tumor with forceps, and makes a transverse incision at the site of the pedicle. If the shape of the base of the polyp is oval, it is cut out and a suture is placed on the intestinal mucosa. Transanal excision has a dangerous complication - bleeding.
Colotomy
When the tumor is located too high, it is not possible to reach it through the anus. Doctors use a colotomy. The abdominal wall is opened and the required area of the intestine is palpated. A polyp is identified, the affected segment of the intestine is isolated using a special surgical clamp, opened and removed. This is a conservative method, rarely used in surgery.
Rectal colotomy
After removal, the formation is transferred to the laboratory. There should be an examination for the presence of cancer cells. The doctor’s further actions will depend on the results of the study. If cancer is suspected, the patient is prescribed a surveillance colonoscopy. If the diagnosis of oncology is confirmed, they begin to remove the entire affected area.
Contraindications
There are no absolute contraindications to the removal of rectal polyps. It is recommended to postpone the operation in case of acute inflammatory processes and exacerbation of chronic diseases, as well as in case of blood clotting disorders and during the recovery period after injuries, strokes, heart attacks, operations, etc.
Endoscopic operations have their own contraindications: • significant size of the growth; • flat form of education; • malignant nature; • conditions that make it difficult to perform sigmoidoscopy.
There are also contraindications to certain types of endoscopic polypectomy. So, for example, electrocoagulation is contraindicated in patients with a pacemaker, since the high-frequency generator can disrupt the operation of the artificial pacemaker.
Polypectomy as a method of removal
Polypectomy is considered a common, low-traumatic type of removal of polypous benign tumors. The procedure can be carried out using different types of equipment:
- sigmoidoscopy, when the polyp is located at a distance of no more than 30 cm from the entrance to the rectum;
- colonoscope with a probe for examination up to 145 cm in length.
Colonoscopy is performed to eliminate formations in the rectum and parts of the large intestine.
Optical equipment is inserted into the rectal lumen and the site of polyp formation is located. After this, the growth is caught and excised with an endoloop and cauterized with an electrode. The duration of surgical procedures is up to 60 minutes.
Preparing for surgery
2-3 days before surgery, you should avoid coarse fiber, as well as foods that stimulate gas formation in the intestines. The ban includes black bread, products made from wholemeal flour, cabbage, legumes, fresh fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products, juices, carbonated and alcoholic drinks.
1-2 days before surgery, care should be taken to “put off” bowel movements for several days. To do this, switch to a slag-free diet: • lean chicken and/or turkey; • cracker; • mashed potatoes; • vegetable soups; • boiled rice.
On the eve of the operation, dinner should be light and early; breakfast will have to be abandoned.
At this stage it will be necessary to cleanse the intestines. To ensure the success of the operation, the procedure is carried out twice – in the morning and in the evening.
You can use a regular medical enema (rinsing to clean water), but most patients prefer saline laxatives such as Fortrans (it should be used according to the instructions) or Microlax microenemas.
How is the operation performed?
The operation can be performed either under local anesthesia or general anesthesia. The choice of anesthesia depends on the type of surgery, the size and number of polyps to be removed, as well as the health and sensitivity of the patient’s nervous system.
Most often, benign tumors of the rectum are removed using minimally invasive methods. Such operations can be performed under local anesthesia. Anesthesia is necessary to ensure painless access to the pathological element. The actual removal of the growth does not cause any discomfort.
Low-traumatic operations are performed using a bloodless method (blood vessels are cauterized during polyp removal). In one procedure, the doctor can remove up to four pathological elements, so if there is a significant number of formations, the operation will have to be repeated after 2-3 weeks.
How to remove polyps in the intestines
Today, the “gold standard” is the removal of intestinal polyps using colonoscopy. But depending on the size and location of the polyp, other methods may be used:
- Removal of part of the intestine. Removal of part of the colon or rectum is used when a large flat or circular polyp without a stalk is found.
- Access through the anus with suturing of the mucosa. A large, low-lying polyp can be removed without the use of an endoscope.
Flat formations cannot be removed in one go. During primary endoscopy, small polyps with a well-defined stalk are cut off; in other cases, the operation is divided into 2-3 stages.
Recovery period
The duration of the recovery period depends on the method of surgical intervention and can range from 2 weeks to 2 months.
Postoperative dietary restrictions also vary widely.
If the operation was performed on an outpatient basis or you were in the hospital for a short time, we recommend that you carefully monitor your own health and immediately consult a doctor if suspicious symptoms appear: • increasing fever; • blood in stool; • persistent pain syndrome; • swelling of the extremities.
Even in cases where the injuries received during surgery are minimal, doctors recommend sticking to a slag-free diet 1 week
During the recovery period, you should avoid increased physical activity, thermal procedures, alcohol and drugs. Smokers are advised to reduce their nicotine intake to a minimum.
Basic principles of nutrition after endoscopic removal of intestinal polyps
- Frequent meals - 5-6 times a day. Classic three meals a day is not recommended. It overloads the digestive tract with large volumes of food and creates conditions for the feeling of hunger.
- Fractional meals. The volume of portions is reduced by half or a third from the usual.
- Diet. It is recommended to eat at approximately the same time and maintain the same interval between meals.
- No feeling of hunger. Fasting increases the production of digestive enzymes, which is undesirable in the initial stages of intestinal recovery.
- Cooking gentle food. Fried foods are prohibited. All products are steamed or boiled and crushed as much as possible. It is not recommended to eat too hot or cold foods.
- Drinking regime. For normal kidney and heart function, you need to drink at least 1.5 liters of fluid per day. Drinking enough water facilitates the digestion of food and normalizes intestinal motility.
- Physical activity. While on a diet, you need to lead a moderately active lifestyle: do therapeutic exercises and yoga. Walking will be beneficial. It is important to avoid overwork and not engage in heavy physical work.
After removing polyps, you need not only to follow general nutritional recommendations, but also to follow stages:
- On the first day after surgery, liquid and semi-liquid meals are prepared. Solid foods are crushed or pureed as much as possible.
- After 3-4 days, cereal soups, porridges and other dishes are introduced into the diet.
- A strict diet should be followed for 2-4 weeks. The diet is expanded only after a follow-up examination by a doctor and in the absence of complications.
Modern methods of endoscopic removal of polyps involve the most gentle effect on the intestinal mucosa. After excision of small lesions, damage is minimal and a strict diet is not prescribed or recommended for a short period of time. If large and multiple polyps have been removed, the doctor may advise you to follow a diet for up to 2-4 weeks. Nutrition is selected individually, taking into account the volume of surgical intervention, the patient’s age and the presence of concomitant pathology.
Reviews from patients and recommendations from doctors
We analyzed patient reviews of operations performed to remove polyps. There is practically no negativity. Surgical interventions are well tolerated, the postoperative period goes smoothly.
Some patients consider the “short-term” effect of the operation and the need to undergo annual preventive examinations as a disadvantage.
In most cases, recovery occurs without the need for further surgery. However, for example, adenomatous and villous polyps are today considered as precancerous conditions, and patients who have undergone surgery require constant medical supervision. In other cases, a repeated consultation with a proctologist once every 1-3 years is sufficient.
The likelihood of relapse and the time frame for re-application can only be determined by your attending physician after the initial rehabilitation period has passed.
Reviews of the work of doctors at City Clinical Hospital No. 31 can be read here.
Treatment of polyps in the large intestine with traditional methods
On the Internet you can find many recipes for treating polyps in the large intestine using traditional methods. We hasten to warn our readers that many of the recipes provided (celandine and other poisonous plants) can cause significant harm to your health.
Colon polyps usually occur against the background of an inflammatory process. By experimenting with your own body, you can significantly increase the inflammatory response and cause the formation of new pathological growths.
By postponing surgery, you risk missing your chance to use low-traumatic methods that allow you to remove polyps relatively painlessly.
