Hyperemia is a condition in which the blood and lymphatic vessels become overfilled with blood, lymph and hemorrhagic fluid (in the case of inflammatory hyperemia). The outdated term used by Soviet specialists to denote hyperemia is “plethora.” It accurately reflects the pathogenetic features of hyperemia: blood accumulates in the cavity of the vessel, which leads to its expansion, swelling, swelling and redness of the affected tissue. Hyperemia of the gastric mucosa indicates a latent, sluggish, acute or chronic inflammatory process.
The doctor selects treatment for hyperemic mucosa taking into account the established etiological factor, the degree of structural changes in the gastric epithelium, the presence of ulcer-like defects and other features that significantly affect the functional state of the digestive organs.
General information
The human stomach is a cavity bounded by muscular walls, the volume of which in the absence of food is about 480 ml. After eating, this figure can increase 2-3 times. Elastic peritoneal ligaments and connective tissue fibers attach the stomach to the diaphragm, transverse colon, spleen and visceral surface of the liver.
The mucous membrane contains a large number of glands that produce mucoid secretion and mucus. Mucus evenly envelops the stomach and protects it from mechanical stress and digestion by its own digestive enzymes. Bicarbonates (salts of carbonic acid), which enter the mucus by diffusion from neighboring tissues and environments, neutralize the effect of hydrogen chloride and prevent damage to the gastric epithelium, ensuring comfortable and proper digestion of chyme.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis of “Erosion of the gastric antrum” is established by a gastroenterologist after a comprehensive examination. For this purpose, a number of instrumental and laboratory diagnostic methods are prescribed:
- fibrogastroscopy with targeted biopsy of 4-5 sections of the mucous membrane and morphological examination of biopsy samples (biopsy);
- study of gastric secretion with a thin probe and intragastric pH-metry;
- rapid urease test or urea breath test to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori;
- blood test to check for signs of anemia;
- stool analysis for the presence of occult blood if bleeding is suspected;
- an x-ray examination, which a doctor may additionally prescribe, to determine violations of the motor-evacuation functions of the stomach.
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa treatment
In case of hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, complex therapy is prescribed, including antibiotics or various antiviral drugs to combat microorganisms that cause the disease.
Or a local treatment that will help clean and moisturize the mucous membrane. For local treatment, products based on essential oils and sea water are used. More details in the instructions:
Also, to treat inflammation, an otolaryngologist can prescribe various physiotherapeutic procedures:
- electrophoresis;
- darsenval;
- inhalation therapy;
- ultrasonic effect on the skin of the wings, dorsum and slopes of the nose;
- and other procedures whose objectives are to relieve swelling, eliminate inflammation, normalize microcirculation, and regenerate the nasal mucosa.
Treatment
Treatment for redness of the cervical mucosa is comprehensive, addressing all causes of the disease.
The course of therapy depends on what triggered the appearance of hyperemia and may be as follows:
1. Exclusion of all hygiene products that contain alcohol, fragrances and other substances that can cause an allergic reaction.
2. Elimination of significant and sudden temperature changes.
3. Dieting. Refusal of fatty and spicy foods, alcoholic drinks, refined sweets, strong tea and coffee, as they negatively affect the intestines.
4. The use of healing drugs for mechanical damage to the organ.
5. Treatment of varicose veins.
6. Use of antihistamines.
7. Treatment of erosion and STIs.
If the cervix is hyperemic due to infectious diseases, antibacterial, antifungal or antiviral drugs are prescribed. They are used only after the type of microorganism has been established. Broad-spectrum drugs are often used.
In order to reduce hemoglobin, lung and heart diseases are diagnosed and subsequent treatment is carried out. Arterial hypertension involves constant use of medications that control blood pressure.
If edema is present, antihistamines can be prescribed, for example, Claritin, Suprastin. They help relieve swelling. Products for improving blood microcirculation, such as Curantil and Persantine, may also be recommended.
Hyperemia is not an independent disease, but only a symptom of many different diseases.
You should not put off going to the doctor, as the lack of treatment leads to serious consequences.
What does the mucous membrane look like normally and with hyperemia?
Fine
The mucous membrane (also called the mucous membrane - from the Latin “mucosa”) consists of connective tissue and is normally light pink in color. During endoscopic examination of the stomach, healthy mucosa is able to reflect the glare of the optical device. The thickness of skin folds in the absence of functional or organic pathologies of the stomach is about 6-8 mm, while they have a smooth surface, their structure is not changed, and after exposure to air flow they quickly smooth out to their original state.
With hyperemia
The hyperemic mucosa, in which a large amount of blood has accumulated, looks swollen. Light gray lesions with a pronounced vascular pattern may appear; in some areas the mucous membrane may acquire a bluish and marbled tint. The structure is loose, pasty (doughy). Elasticity is reduced.
With active inflammatory-destructive processes in the case of a chronic course, mononuclear and lymphocytic infiltration, edema and swelling of the stroma, impaired microcirculation, signs of scarring and fibrosis of gastric tissue (replacement of normal glandular tissue with dense connective fibers) are detected. In almost all cases, mucosal hyperemia is accompanied by a microcirculatory disorder such as stagnation or, conversely, excessive blood flow. Lymph circulation is usually impaired in 58.4% of patients.
Important! In the antral part of the stomach, the mucosa is somewhat paler and has a thicker structure compared to the cardiac and ventral zone. This is not a pathology and should not be regarded as a sign of an inflammatory or degenerative disorder.
How is the treatment carried out?
For gastric atrophy and hyperemia, complex therapy using medications is required. Medicines are selected individually for each patient, taking into account the severity of the disorder and clinical signs. If the loose and reddened mucous membrane of an organ is associated with the activity of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, then treatment involves taking antibacterial medications. Other pharmaceuticals presented in the table are also used.
De-Nol is prescribed for advanced disease.
In case of advanced hyperemia, it may be necessary to take derivatives of nitrofuran and bismuth - “De-Nol”. Drug therapy also involves the use of vitamin B12. Physiotherapy and dietary adherence are no less important. In case of violation, it is recommended to adhere to the Pevzner diet. During and after treatment, the patient should stop drinking alcohol and smoking. Folk remedies serve as an auxiliary therapeutic measure.
An unpleasant phenomenon when the bone walls and mucous membranes of the nose become inflamed is called rhinitis. In order to be exposed to diseases as little as possible, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system and harden the body every year.
Numerous infections and irritants in the form of dust, allergens and other substances can provoke inflammation of the nasopharynx.
In hot, dry and dusty air, the nasal mucosa dries out, as a result of which the functioning of the ciliated epithelium is disrupted.
If the patient has been in the cold for a long time, he may have a problem with the endocrine system, in particular, the functioning of the adrenal glands, which monitor the normal condition of the nasal mucosa, is disrupted.
Hyperemia of the gastric mucosa - what does this mean?
What should you do if in the description of the examination the doctor wrote about hyperemic gastric mucosa?
The medical term hyperemia means redness and swelling. In itself, hyperemic mucosa is not dangerous - it is just a symptom that signals that the stomach is sick.
The medical term hyperemia means redness and swelling.
In itself, hyperemic mucosa is not dangerous - it is just a symptom that signals that the stomach is sick.
Treatment of the stomach with hyperemic mucosa
Actually, hyperemia does not need to be treated in any way. This is a beneficial process, indicating that the body is trying to heal itself.
Hyperemia helps accelerate metabolic processes, which leads to tissue restoration and healing.
In some cases, doctors even artificially induce blood flow to a diseased organ in order to speed up its recovery.
With a little thought, everyone can give an example of the use of hyperemia for medicinal purposes.
These are cups and mustard plasters, with the help of which you can cause a rush of blood to the inflamed bronchi and lungs, thus speeding up their recovery.
Most often, redness of the mucous membrane indicates one or another form of gastritis. This disease is a consequence of errors in nutrition or the result of colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by pathogenic bacteria of the Helicobacter genus.
Treatment of gastritis consists of a set of measures: a special diet and medication, including antibiotics (if Helicobacter pylori infection is detected).
When the cause of the redness of the epithelium is discovered, the doctor will prescribe treatment aimed at eliminating the disease itself.
After curing gastritis, ulcers or other ailments, the gastric walls will independently acquire normal color and thickness.
Hyperemic epithelium can be a consequence of not only inflammatory processes. The mucous membrane turns red due to problems in the person’s mental state.
Chronic stress, prolonged depression and fear cause a rush of blood to the stomach walls, causing them to become red and swollen.
Gastroenterologists warn that often problems with the gastrointestinal tract do not have an anatomical or infectious basis, but are only a consequence of a person’s severe psycho-emotional state.
You can find out that the walls of the stomach are red and swollen from the inside only after a special examination - gastroscopy.
During this study, a flexible probe with a miniature video camera at the end is inserted into the organ.
Such equipment allows the doctor to see on the monitor screen everything that is happening in the gastrointestinal tract, and, if necessary, to take a sample of the epithelium for analysis or carry out local therapeutic measures: remove a polyp, inject medicine into the affected area of the organ.
Gastroscopy is a painful and unpleasant examination for the patient, but it is absolutely necessary, as it allows the most accurate diagnosis to be made.
The patient needs to strictly adhere to the prescribed treatment, only in this case can one count on its success.
Very often they try to treat stomach ailments on their own, using traditional methods, relying on herbal remedies, honey, special diets, etc.
Indeed, traditional medicine has accumulated vast experience, but it should only complement the treatment prescribed by a specialist, and not replace it.
Before starting any herbal treatment, you should always consult your doctor.
As for diets, for hyperemic mucous membranes it is best to adhere to the therapeutic diet developed by Professor Pevzner: if necessary, the gastroenterologist will definitely recommend one of his diets.
Errors in nutrition and stress have long become the norm for modern city dwellers.
So is it any wonder when the doctor writes on the examination form that the epithelium in the stomach is hyperemic, that is, red and swollen? This means that the patient will have to be treated for gastritis or some other stomach ailment.
Regular visits to a gastroenterologist should become normal if a person discovers that he has. However, patients often try to avoid the doctor’s office as often as possible because to identify the etiology of the disease and make an accurate diagnosis, it may be necessary to do a gastroscopy of the stomach. Of course, there is little pleasure in this procedure, but it should be understood that this examination helps to see the extent of damage to the gastric mucosa. Based on the results of the study, the specialist can make a conclusion about how hyperemic the gastric mucosa is and what caused this lesion.
Depending on the endoscopy result, the doctor can determine the severity of the disease and prescribe treatment. Before talking about endoscopic criteria for the gastric mucosa, you should know its normal state.
As a rule, the healthy mucous membrane of the stomach is a pink, shiny layer of epithelium, which, when examined, well reflects the light incident from the endoscope. The thickness of the folds is 0.5-0.8 cm. When air is blown into the stomach, the folds straighten. In the outlet section of the stomach, the mucous membrane is slightly lighter than the mucous membrane of the body of the organ. The folds in most cases have a slight thickening closer to the pylorus, and if there are no other signs indicating pathology in the development of the organ, this is not considered a deviation from the norm. Some patients have a yellowish tint to the mucous membrane with a distinct villous pattern.
Objective symptoms
Since hyperemia of the gastric epithelium is not an independent pathology, it does not have subjective (inherent only to this condition) symptoms. The clinical picture is determined by etiopathological mechanisms and corresponds to the typical symptoms of the underlying disease.
Signs that may indicate damage to the gastric mucosa include:
- belching with a sour or rotten smell;
- pain of varying intensity in the epigastric region, around the navel or in the epigastrium, located under the xiphoid process of the sternum;
- heaviness, feeling of fullness, distension in the stomach;
- loss of appetite (when combined with pancreatic pathologies, a change in taste perception is possible);
- bad breath (may resemble the smell of rotten eggs or sour milk);
- bowel dysfunction;
- nausea;
- vomit.
Laboratory tests can reveal symptoms of anemic disorders and general disorders associated with a deficiency of vitamins and minerals (their absorption by damaged mucosa is no more than 25-40%).
Note! Despite the extensive clinical variability (variety of symptoms), the leading symptom for any lesions of the gastric mucosa is pain that occurs as a result of irritation by mechanical and chemical factors.
Types and symptoms of pathology
Hyperemia of the gastric mucosa is divided into several types, each of which is characterized by a special clinical picture. With the passive type, there is an excessive flow of blood. The stomach stops working and becomes further damaged due to lack of oxygen. The second type is arterial hyperemia in the stomach, characterized by impaired blood flow from the walls of the internal organ. With this form of hyperemia, the likelihood of complete recovery is much higher than with superficial hyperemia. The mucous membrane can be diffusely and focally hyperemic, which depends on the localization of the pathological process.
How to recognize the symptoms?
The mucous membrane of a healthy digestive organ has a pale pink color.
In a healthy patient, the gastric mucosa has a pale pinkish tint. When the organ is swollen and reddened moderately, the clinical picture may take a long time to manifest. If hyperemia occurs against the background, then thickening occurs in the duodenal bulb of the intestine. In this area, swelling occurs and the mucous membrane becomes motley. Hyperemia occurs with general symptoms:
- severe epigastric pain;
- heartburn;
- attacks of nausea accompanied by vomiting;
- problems emptying the bladder;
- constant desire to sleep;
- swelling of the legs and face;
- tachycardia;
- loss or gain of body weight;
- impaired coordination.
A common cause of gastric hyperemia is an inflammatory reaction that occurs in several forms:
- Moderate. Hyperemic mucosa is characterized by swelling, which looks like a foam-like coating on the top layer. Hyperemia may be accompanied by one focus or the mucous membrane is damaged unevenly. Such signs indicate mild inflammation of the stomach.
- Local. The folds of the mucous membrane turn pale and become thin, and blood vessels are visible. Such manifestations signal atrophic gastritis.
- Phlegmous. The mucous membrane is significantly swollen, which is associated with mechanical trauma to the stomach with a sharp object.
- Fibrous. Hyperemia covers several foci that turn red and fester. A dangerous symptom of this form is vomiting blood.
Main causes
Hyperemia of the mucous membrane occurs due to the following diseases:
- peptic ulcer;
- duodenitis;
- gurgle;
- gastritis.
In addition, the following factors can provoke this condition:
- mechanical damage to an organ with a sharp object;
- improper and irrational nutrition;
- measles infection, scarlet fever;
- entry into the body of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
- renal failure;
- depression for a long time;
- stressful situations.
In some cases, the mucous layer may turn red due to an inflammatory process in the walls of the organ.
Diseases accompanied by symptoms
Hyperemia can be a signal of many dysfunctions in the organs of the digestive system. Based on how pronounced a given symptom is and where it is localized, conclusions can be drawn about the type of disease. Often, in the presence of such a clinical sign, a diagnosis of gastritis, gastroduodenia, or peptic ulcer is made. Diseases not related to the gastrointestinal tract are very rarely detected.
Gastritis of various forms provokes the appearance of such symptoms:
- A mild inflammatory process is accompanied by mild hyperemia, the lesion is focal. The surface of the mucous membrane is swollen, covered with a white coating, the folds are thickened, and when stretched with air, they do not smooth out.
- If an atrophic process occurs, this is accompanied by severe thinning and pallor of the mucosa, and a red vascular pattern is clearly visible. The lesion is local in nature.
- The fibrous form of gastritis is accompanied by severe hyperemia, which is focal in nature with a purulent process. The main provoking factor of this pathological process is the impact of infectious agents during the development of scarlet fever and measles. Additionally, symptoms such as vomiting with blood appear. This indicates that the festering film has begun to come off.
- If the phlegmous form of the disease develops, lesions are visualized, which are caused by trauma to the stomach with a sharp object (for example, a fish bone).
- In the presence of bulbitis, swelling with redness is noted, the folds are thickened in the antrum. The mucous membrane is swollen, its surface is red. The main causes of this disease are considered to be an incorrect diet and the influence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
- In the presence of dysfunction in the kidneys, most patients experience swelling or hyperemia of the mucous membrane, expressed in different intensities (depending on the degree of development of the pathological process).
- Hyperemia can be caused by such provoking factors as long-term depression, chronic stress, and regular emotional overstimulation. Under the influence of such unfavorable psychological factors, the vascular walls of the stomach become overfilled with blood fluid.
Diagnostic measures
If any suspicious symptoms appear (for example, nausea, bloating, heartburn, belching, pain), it is very important to visit a gastroenterologist in a timely manner. One of the main methods for studying the condition of the mucosa is a procedure called esophagogastroduodenoscopy. It is performed using an endoscope - a special probe with a camera at one end to view the internal state.
Using this method, you can accurately assess the condition of the body and the internal walls of the stomach, take a piece of tissue for analysis (biopsy), visualize the presence of a pathological process, and prescribe the correct course of therapy.
A competent specialist will easily determine the presence of pathology in hyperemic epithelium, since healthy tissue looks shiny and produces mucus normally. During the examination, when inflated with air, the folds are straightened, the surface is smooth, the epithelial cover is intact and clean, without wounds or ulcerations. The color is pink, there may be a yellowish coating.
As the disease develops, the symptoms worsen, redness of the epithelial layer appears, the folds increase, do not straighten when inflated, and swelling is observed.
Hyperemia is the process of blood overflowing the vessels of any organ. So, when talking about hyperemia of the gastric mucosa, they mean swelling and redness of this part of the body. This problem can be detected during an endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is prescribed if there are suspicions of serious gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastritis or ulcers. To prevent the development of such diseases, you need to do gastroscopy from time to time.
Symptoms
If pathology begins to develop, the following symptoms appear:
- the mucous membrane becomes thinner or, on the contrary, thickened;
- redness appears;
- it swells;
- ulcers appear on the surface of the mucosa.
If the inflammatory process begins, the gastric mucosa becomes hyperemic either in one place or diffusely. Visually, upon examination, you can see that the mucous membrane is red, swollen, and blood fluid appears in the vessels.
Excessive filling of blood vessels can be a consequence of such problems:
- dysfunction of blood outflow from the walls of the stomach;
- excessive filling of the walls with blood.
By the way, active hyperemia can be considered a completely positive phenomenon, because it is a signal of recovery, and if there is a lack of blood supply and the regeneration function is inhibited, then the pathology of the stomach walls worsens. These negative phenomena are accompanied by oxygen starvation of tissues. Only with the help of an examination can a specialist determine the severity of the pathology and prescribe a competent course of treatment.
Prevention
It is also necessary to exercise and not overwork. This will help boost immunity and ensure protection and rapid restoration of the mucous membrane.
To prevent the development of further pathological process, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination and establish the exact cause, which will help to choose the right treatment.
Following some rules will help prevent stomach diseases:
- Eating the right foods.
- Rejection of bad habits.
- Take medications only as prescribed by a doctor.
- Weight control.
It is also recommended to undergo gastroscopy twice a year to prevent problems with the gastrointestinal tract. The onset of hyperemia indicates a stomach disease.
There is probably no person who would like to experience any problems with the gastrointestinal tract, giving up their favorite foods, taking many medications and undergoing unpleasant examination procedures. To avoid this, you need to change your usual lifestyle a little and follow some simple rules.
The key to favorable progress and complete cure of diseases, and therefore of symptoms, is an accurate diagnosis with determination of the root cause of its occurrence. Treatment becomes more complicated if the doctor’s recommendations are not followed. Therefore, it is important to undergo a physical examination and gastroscopy with a gastroenetrologist twice a year, which will avoid sudden problems with parts of the stomach.
In addition, it is important to eat right, get rid of bad habits, avoid stress, and not abuse gastro-soluble medications.
- Eating the right foods.
- Rejection of bad habits.
- Take medications only as prescribed by a doctor.
- Weight control.
- Full sleep.
- Compliance with hygiene rules.
- Doing physical exercise daily.
- Annual preventive examinations.
- Compliance with medical recommendations.
- Avoiding stressful situations.
- Alternating physical activity with rest.
To prevent the development of hyperemia of the gastric wall, you need to adhere to the basic rules of prevention. First of all, it is important that the diet is balanced and rational. Therefore, it is necessary to include healthy foods in your diet and avoid junk food.
Diseases characterized by hyperemia of the gastric mucosa
In most gastrointestinal diseases, hyperemia of the mucous membrane is observed. As a rule, the type of disease can be determined by its condition.
Characterized by moderately hyperemic mucous membrane. Moreover, inflammation can be both focal and widespread. In this case, its swelling occurs, foamy white mucus forms on the walls of the stomach, the folds have tortuous thickenings, and do not completely straighten out when air is insufflated.
When there is thinning of the mucous membrane in one of the sections of the stomach. The atrophy zones have a pale membrane with a clearly defined vascular pattern and thin folds.
Fibrinous gastritis
occurs due to severe infection, and has hyperemic mucosa with purulent manifestations. Often this disease is caused by measles or scarlet fever. In this case, the patient usually experiences frequent vomiting of blood. Thus, fragments of the purulent film are rejected, which can cause pain in the patient.
Caused by damage to the duodenal bulb, and is manifested by hyperemia, swelling, thickening of the folds of the intestinal mucosa. Occurs against the background of infection or as a result of an incorrect lifestyle. Phlegmous gastritis is formed due to suppuration due to the entry of a foreign body into the stomach. Often, even an unsuccessfully swallowed fish bone can serve as a provocateur of the disease, which, moving along the esophagus, injures the mucous membrane. The disease can also be caused by certain sexually transmitted infections.
With necrotic gastritis, a burn of the mucous membrane occurs, caused by aggressive chemicals - alkali, acid, ethyl alcohol. As a rule, with this disease, the deep layers of the mucous membrane are affected, with necrosis of individual tissue sections occurring, ulcers and erosions forming.
Hyperemia of the mucous membrane can also occur with other diseases of the digestive system. For example, gastroduodenitis also contributes to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. The doctor’s task is to determine the extent of damage to the diseased organ and establish the correct diagnosis. The hypertrophic form of the disease has hyperemic mucosa, and plaque forms on the walls. Often in this condition, swelling of the mucous membrane occurs, multiple erosions appear, which have fibrinous content.
Typically, hyperemia of the gastric mucosa may indicate specific problems associated with one or another form of gastritis. After undergoing a series of examinations, the patient is prescribed complex treatment, the effectiveness of which depends on timely treatment and punctual implementation of all doctor’s recommendations. It is important to understand that the outcome of the disease depends on the patient himself; the doctor only diagnoses the disease and prescribes treatment. It is recommended to undergo a routine examination twice a year in order to respond to emerging changes in a timely manner.
Comments:
- Why does my stomach hurt: nuances
- Diseases of the mucous membrane, types of gastritis
- Features and Recommendations
You can find out about the degree of damage to the stomach walls and how hyperemic the gastric mucosa is by endoscopy prescribed by a gastroenterologist. The procedure involves inserting a special device into the larynx - an endoscope - a flexible tube with a beam of light and a small camera at the end. For a more accurate diagnosis, a small amount of gastric epithelial tissue is sometimes taken. It is this method that makes it possible to accurately diagnose the entire stomach as a whole, despite the unpleasantness and discomfort of doing it.
How much the mucous membrane has changed, what the severity and nature of the disease are, test results will show. In the presence of acute gastritis, the type of disease is determined. It can be normal, fibrinous, phlegmonous or corrosive.
How to treat antral gastritis
First of all, treatment for antral gastritis involves the destruction of the causative bacteria - Helicobacter. Next, the doctor prescribes a whole range of medications. Among them:
Treatment with drugs is not effective if the patient does not follow the diet and nutrition rules prescribed by the doctor. During an exacerbation, the patient should consume mucous soups and food in a mushy state. Avoid eating food that may increase gastric secretion. The daily menu usually consists of 6 meals, each portion is reduced.
In case of chronic gastritis, the patient's menu is completely limited to coarse fiber, spicy foods and spices. You can only consume properly processed varieties of lean meat and poultry. The diet should include semolina porridge, rice and barley soups. You can also consume cottage cheese, milk, honey and non-acidic fruits.
Atrophy of the gastric antrum mucosa
Atrophy of the antrum mucosa leads to a sharp decline in the functionality of the department, which is expressed by a number of clinical signs: diarrhea due to dysbacteriosis, intolerance to dairy products, constant flatulence and rumbling in the stomach. The patient feels an unpleasant taste in the mouth, heaviness is felt in the stomach area, but there is no sharp pain even on palpation. Typically, heaviness in the abdomen is accompanied by aching, mild pain.
In the treatment of mucosal atrophy, general means of treating stomach diseases are used, and specific drugs are also used: natural gastric juice and drugs to stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid.
Recommendations for nutrition in pathology
If hyperemic mucosa is detected, the patient is advised to follow a diet. Substances that irritate the mucous membrane should be excluded from the diet: spicy, salty, sour, fatty foods, smoked meats and marinades, alcohol, strong coffee. Fried foods are not recommended. For heat treatment, food should be boiled or steamed.
In the diet you can use:
- chicken, rabbit, turkey, veal, low-fat sea fish;
- a small amount of vegetable fats;
- skim milk, cottage cheese;
- non-acidic fruits and vegetables;
- cereals (rice, oatmeal, buckwheat);
- eggs, no more than 1 per day;
- wheat bread 1-2 grades, crackers.
Meals should be fractional (5-6 times a day), small portions. It is also necessary to observe the temperature regime; the dishes should not be too hot or cold. The optimal temperature is between 15 and 60 degrees Celsius.
