Antacids - stomach coating medications

What are coating drugs?

With heartburn, stomach or duodenal ulcers, or gastritis, a number of unpleasant symptoms appear, which can only be relieved with the help of special medications from the group of antacids. Adsorbent, astringent, enveloping agents contain substances that can normalize the level of acidity and create a protective barrier for the mucous surface of the gastrointestinal tract from the effects of enzymatic juice.

The therapeutic effect of such drugs is achieved thanks to components that, upon contact with water, form colloidal compounds and suspensions. When the resulting substances are distributed in the stomach cavity and other parts of the digestive tract, it is possible to significantly reduce the sensitivity of nerve endings.

Enveloping agents for the stomach: folk recipes and the best drugs

Currently, enveloping drugs for the stomach are in great demand. Most of them can be bought at the pharmacy without a prescription. Stomach diseases are widespread and widespread. Millions of people suffer from gastritis and ulcers around the world.

Among them are many children and teenagers. The list of these medications is large. It includes herbal and synthetic drugs.

It is known that the basis of acute and chronic gastritis, as well as gastric ulcers, is the damaging effect of various factors on the mucous membrane of the organ.

Enveloping agents make it possible to create a protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane, thereby eliminating pain and protecting the organ itself. What drugs are most often used and for what diseases are coating agents indicated?

Characteristics of enveloping agents

Enveloping agents are distinguished by the fact that they contain special components that can react with water, forming suspensions or colloidal solutions. These substances are evenly distributed in the organ cavity, reducing the sensitivity of nerve endings. Taking gastric coating drugs is indicated for the following diseases and conditions:

acute gastritis;
chronic gastritis;
peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
inflammation of the pancreas;
enteritis;
colitis;
burns of the gastric mucosa.

An interesting fact is that these products can be used externally. This is observed with burns, frostbite, and traumatic injuries to the skin. These medications and herbal remedies have the following therapeutic effects on the stomach and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract:

enveloping;
antiemetic;
painkillers;
antidiarrheal.

Almost always, enveloping agents are combined with the use of antacids and proton pump blockers. This is observed in gastritis with increased acidity of gastric juice.

Classification of enveloping agents

Today, pharmacies have a huge selection of these medications. Various herbal products can be used. The peculiarity of all of them is that they do not enter the general bloodstream and completely enter the stomach. The list of enveloping products of plant (natural) origin includes:

starch;
flax seeds;
liquorice root;
oats;
comfrey;
white clay.

The simplest option is to use potato or corn starch. This product dissolves poorly in cold water, but in warm and hot water it forms an enveloping mixture (colloid). Starch can be taken internally or used as enemas.

In the pharmacy chain, starch is sold in powder form. It must be stored in a dry place. Very often, flax seeds are used in the complex therapy of gastritis and ulcers. The seeds are consumed in the form of a mucilaginous solution.

To prepare this mixture, you need to mix 1 part of seeds with 30 parts of hot water. The mixture should be drunk hot. Seeds are sold in packs. Doctors most often recommend the use of medications to treat stomach diseases.

These include Almagel, Phosphalugel, Sucralfate, Vikair, aluminum hydroxide, magnesia and some others.

use of almagel

The therapeutic dose for treating the stomach is selected by the doctor. Immediately before taking the drug, it is advisable to shake the container thoroughly. This is necessary to obtain a homogeneous suspension. Almagel can be used for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

It is indicated for gastric ulcers, acute and chronic inflammation of the stomach with increased or normal secretion of gastric juice, as well as reflux esophagitis and inflammatory diseases of the small and large intestines.

Contraindications include children under 1 month of age, Alzheimer's disease, renal failure, and individual intolerance to the drug.

Phosphalugel for stomach diseases

From the group of enveloping agents, Phosphalugel is very often used.

The drug has few side effects. These include bowel dysfunction (constipation).

Phosphalugel is recommended to be taken for stomach ulcers, acute and chronic gastritis, damage to the organ mucosa due to alcohol poisoning or intoxication with acids or alkalis.

The indication for its use is the presence of dyspeptic syndrome. This medicine is available without a doctor's prescription. Despite this, the drug is not recommended for long-term use without a doctor's prescription.

bismuth preparations

Bismuth-based preparations are very popular. These include bismuth nitrate itself, Vikair, Bismofalk, De-Nol and some others.

The mechanism of action of bismuth nitrate is based on the ability to form chelate compounds with protein molecules. Result: formation of a protective coating. Bismuth preparations are indispensable in the treatment of stomach ulcers.

Bismuth nitrate has an astringent, enveloping, slightly antiseptic effect. Bismuth salts can kill Helicobacter pylori.

The group of antiulcer drugs includes De-Nol. It is available in the form of tablets coated with a special coating. The main active ingredient in its composition is bismuth dicitrate. Like bismuth nitrate, it has a bactericidal effect.

Other possible therapeutic effects include anti-inflammatory and astringent effects. The medicine is taken half an hour before meals. The dosage is determined by the doctor. You need to take the drug for a long time. The course of treatment ranges from 4 to 8 weeks.

You should not take De-Nol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Side effects include:

dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, stool disorders);
various allergic reactions;
disturbances in the activity of the central nervous system.

Indications for use of De-Nol: gastric ulcer in the acute phase and chronic gastritis.

Combination drugs, which include Vikair, have a good effect. It contains magnesium carbonate and bismuth nitrate. The substances exhibit various therapeutic effects, enhancing the effect of the drug as a whole. Vikair should be taken one and a half to two hours after eating.

Today, Vikair is used in a complex treatment regimen for hyperacid gastritis and gastric ulcers. There are certain contraindications to the use of Vikaira.

These include gastritis with low acidity, poor kidney function, appendicitis, inflammation of the small and large intestines, childhood and hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Thus, treatment of stomach diseases should be comprehensive.

There is no need to self-medicate, because acute stomach pathology can become chronic.

Enveloping agents for gastritis

Very often, for gastritis or ulcers, doctors prescribe Almagel

Enveloping agents for gastritis help protect the stomach from unwanted influences. These are drugs that envelop the stomach tissue and protect the mucous membrane.

Enveloping agents for gastritis of the stomach can be found in the pharmacy, among them there are many names familiar to every person with gastritis - Vikair, Phosphalugel, Almagel, and others. Your doctor will advise you on the use of this or that drug.

Today we will talk about the action and features of using these funds. Read the new article on the pages of gastritinform.ru magazine.

Enveloping agents description

Enveloping agents are auxiliary preparations that serve to protect the mucous membrane from external influences. To enveloping drugs (from lat.

obvolventia - to envelop) are preparations containing substances that, when interacting with water, form emulsions or colloidal solutions that protect tissues from the irritating effects of physiological and chemical factors.

These drugs, enveloping the intestinal mucosa, prevent irritation of the afferent nerve endings located in it. It should be noted that enveloping drugs protect the mucous membrane without interacting with proteins or any structural cell formations.

Enveloping agents are auxiliary preparations that serve to protect the mucous membrane from external influences.

In addition to the ability to prevent the interaction of irritating factors with the intestinal mucosa, enveloping drugs have a moderate anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.

These drugs are used relatively rarely, as a rule, in the complex treatment of inflammatory and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and intestines (gastritis, enterocolitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers), as well as in enemas before the introduction of drugs into the rectum that have an irritating effect on its mucosa shell.

Enveloping agents form colloidal solutions in water - mucus, which cover the mucous membranes, protecting them from the action of irritants. Drugs of this group are used in medical practice to treat inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as to reduce the irritating effect of certain drugs.

In case of increased stomach acidity and other irritating factors, the most rapid analgesic effect is provided by enveloping agents.

Enveloping agents contain components that, when interacting with water, form colloidal compositions and suspensions.

These can be either natural or chemical substances, but all of them are designed to reduce the sensitivity of nerve endings and thereby protect them from aggressive influences.

In addition to their direct protective and analgesic effect, enveloping drugs have an antiemetic and antidiarrheal effect. This occurs due to the fact that such drugs reduce the reflex function of the nerve endings of the mucous membrane.

Enveloping agents and drugs to protect the digestive tract are practically not absorbed and therefore do not enter the blood.

This feature allows the use of both natural medicines and synthetic analogues. Almost all folk remedies contain starch, or starchy substances.

All these enveloping agents are good for gastritis and even ulcers - they almost instantly relieve pain and inflammation.

List of enveloping drugs for gastritis:

White magnesia (basic magnesium carbonate);
Aluminum hydroxide;
Vikair; Liquiriton;
Sucralfate; Phosphalugel; Almagel.

Enveloping agents for gastritis of the stomach

Currently, enveloping drugs for the stomach are in great demand. Most of them can be purchased at the pharmacy without a prescription. are ubiquitous and widespread. Enveloping agents make it possible to create a protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane, thereby eliminating pain and protecting the organ itself.

Almost always, enveloping agents are combined with the use of antacids and proton pump blockers. This is observed in gastritis with increased acidity of gastric juice.

Enveloping drugs for the treatment of gastritis of the stomach :

Phosphalugel: This is a white gel that is taken orally. It has an enveloping property, neutralizes acids, secretes an enzyme that breaks down proteins, and also removes toxins, gases and other harmful substances from the gastrointestinal tract. You should not take the drug for a long time without a doctor's prescription. If symptoms do not disappear after taking the drug within 7 days, you should consult your doctor;
Almagel: a drug that is most often prescribed for acute ulcers or gastritis. The medicine has an enveloping property and belongs to the group of antacids. Used orally as a suspension;

Classification

Enveloping agents are divided into two types - absorbable and non-absorbable. The former are considered older and are now rarely used to treat gastrointestinal problems. They have a quick but short-term therapeutic effect. The active components of such drugs, after interaction with hydrochloric acid, are partially absorbed through the walls of the stomach and penetrate into the systemic bloodstream. Absorbable coating agents include medications such as burnt magnesia, magnesium calcium carbonate, Rennie, and Tums.

Doctor's advice

Gastric ulcer is a serious chronic disease that occurs cyclically with remissions and exacerbations. In each period, treatment tactics are different. It is the doctor’s prerogative to select medications that are most suitable for a given phase of the disease, and it is the patient’s job to strictly follow all the doctor’s instructions.

It is necessary to comply with the doses of the prescribed gastric coating agents. Increased doses of the drug can lead to alkalization of gastric juice, which will cause a decrease in the digestive ability of the stomach.

Before using traditional medicine methods, consultation with a gastroenterologist is necessary.

Non-absorbable coating agents

Non-absorbable antacids are modern means to combat high acidity and symptoms of ulcers, heartburn, and esophagitis. After use, such drugs do not cause an increase in the production of hydrochloric acid (unlike absorbed drugs). The most pronounced therapeutic effect is achieved by coating agents for the stomach, which contain aluminum cation. The optimal combination of substances in the composition is magnesium and aluminum hydroxides. Popular and effective drugs are the following:

"Almagel".
"Gastal."
"Phosphalugel".
"Maalox."
Gaviscon.
"Rutocide."

Most non-absorbable coating drugs contain several active ingredients. A significant advantage of medications is their prolonged analgesic effect and the ability to remove toxic substances from the body.

Review of antacid stomach coatings

For heartburn, nausea, or stomach discomfort, people often use antacids. Patients with diseases of the digestive system also need them. The drugs coat the stomach, protecting it. You can purchase them without a prescription from a doctor. The choice of products is quite wide; read our detailed review.

Enveloping preparations are plant-based and synthetic. The substances included in antacid preparations create a protective barrier on the gastric mucosa and neutralize hydrochloric acid. This gives the effect of protection and pain relief.

The regeneration processes of mucous membrane cells are also activated. Some of the drugs have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

If acidity is increased, the stomach is susceptible to other irritating factors (stress, poor nutrition), then taking these medications is indicated.

Antacids today come in different forms, so everyone can find one that is convenient for them: tablets, powders, suspensions in bottles or single-use packets.

Indications for use

Antacids are necessary for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The composition contains components that react with water, forming substances that envelop the stomach. This is why the drugs are so popular.

Enveloping agents are indicated for:

acute and chronic gastritis;
stomach and duodenal ulcers;
heartburn;
duodenitis;
inflammation of the pancreas;
reflux-esophagitis;
with inflammation of the gallbladder and cholelithiasis;
enteritis;
colitis;
one-time diet violation;
toxicosis of pregnant women;
with long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroids, aspirin;
burns.

It is noteworthy that antacid drugs can be used not only for gastritis and ulcers, but also externally (for burns and other skin injuries).

Effect

Medicines have the following effects:

envelop the stomach, protecting it from the effects of various damaging agents;
stop nausea and vomiting;
eliminate pain;
neutralize excess hydrochloric acid;
prevent reflux (reflux of bile from the duodenum into the stomach);
suppress the activity of Helicobacter pylori, a microorganism that is the main cause of the development of peptic ulcers.

Pharmacies offer a wide selection of medicines. To help you decide, let's look at the most popular drugs.

Things to Remember

Constantly taking antacids without a doctor's prescription can negatively affect your health.
If you often have to resort to such drugs for nausea, to eliminate heartburn or for epigastric pain, do not delay visiting your doctor for a diagnosis and treatment. Such symptoms indicate the presence of gastrointestinal disease. If you ignore them, the disease will worsen and it will be much more difficult to cure.
For ulcers, gastritis and other pathologies of the stomach and intestines, antacid drugs are used as part of complex therapy (more to neutralize the unpleasant symptoms of the disease).
Children and pregnant women should take enveloping drugs with caution. Some of them are contraindicated for these categories of people. Consult your physician before use.

Which ones exist?

All antacids are divided into absorbable and non-absorbable.

Suction

If the components of the medicine interact with hydrochloric acid, they partially penetrate into the blood. The benefits of using such medications include rapid relief from heartburn. But the effect is short-lived.

Such products are characterized by the so-called “acid rebound”: antacids react with hydrochloric acid, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide.

The stomach stretches, and hydrochloric acid begins to be produced with renewed vigor, heartburn appears again. In addition, these drugs are adsorbed in the intestines, causing the formation of edema.

Side effects also include increased blood pressure, belching and bloating. Such products include, for example, soda.

The active substances of these drugs may be:

magnesium oxide;
sodium bicarbonate;
magnesium and calcium carbonate.

Drugs in this group:

Vikalin;
Vikair;
Rennie;
Bourget mixture;
Tums;
magnesia.

Antacids from this group are intended for single or infrequent use, as otherwise they can cause the progression of gastrointestinal diseases (for example, gastric and duodenal ulcers).

Non-absorbable

The most effective are non-absorbable antacid medications, which also have fewer side effects.

Non-absorbable medications neutralize hydrochloric acid, bile and pepsin. When they enter the stomach, they envelop it and protect it from irritating factors. The therapeutic effect occurs within 15 minutes and lasts up to 4 hours.

Different enveloping agents have their own mechanism of action, based on their composition:

Medicines that coat due to aluminum phosphates. The most popular product from this group is Phosphalugel. Its effect depends on the initial level of acidity. The higher it is, the more effective the medicine.
Antacids containing magnesium and aluminum. These include Almagel.
Combined medications. In this case, there can be 2 variations: aluminum + magnesium + silicon and sodium + calcium. Such drugs create a mechanical barrier that prevents gastric juice from entering the esophagus.

The following non-absorbable coating agents for the stomach and intestines are popular:

Almagel;
Phosphalugel;
Maalox;
Altacid;
Sucralfate;
Gastracid;
Gastal;
Relzer;
Alumag;
Gaviscon;
Palmagel;
Rutacid;
Magalfil.

Before purchasing the medicine, carefully read the instructions for use and contraindications. Some drugs have additional effects (for example, Almagel A is a pain reliever). Taking such medications without a doctor’s prescription for a long time is strictly prohibited.

Almagel

Almagel is an antacid that neutralizes the secretion of enzymatic juice in the stomach. Under its influence, less hydrochloric acid is produced, and the level of pepsin is normalized. One of the disadvantages is that the drug removes phosphorus, so it is not recommended for long-term use by people with problems of bones and joints.

Almagel is produced in the form of a suspension, which greatly facilitates application and accelerates the effect. Indicated for:

gastritis;
ulcers;
esophagitis;
increased level of acidity;
bloating;
pain;
enteritis;
poisoning;
nausea;
heartburn.

When taking anti-inflammatory or glucocorticoid drugs, Almagel should be used to prevent ulcers. Reception lasts no more than 2 weeks, you need to drink the product 5-10 g before meals.

The defoamer has an adsorbing and enveloping effect. The drug acts for a long time, normalizes acidity and does not contribute to gas formation.

Phosphalugel

Phosphalugel is an antacid substance that coats the walls of the stomach and has an adsorbing effect. The medicine is indicated for:

gastritis and ulcers;
hiatal hernia;
gastroesophageal reflux;
non-ulcerative dyspepsia syndrome;
intestinal disorder;
functional bowel diseases;
functional diarrhea.

Antacid medication should not be used in case of serious kidney disease or individual intolerance to the components.

Adults and children under 6 years of age are prescribed the medicine 1-2 packets 2-3 times a day. Babies up to 6 months - 1 tsp. Children from 6 months - ½ sachet.

Take the drug before or after meals as follows:

for reflux and hernia - after meals and at night;
for ulcers - 1-2 hours after a meal;
for gastritis and dyspepsia - before meals;
for intestinal diseases - on an empty stomach and 1 time at night.

If pain occurs, you can resume taking it.

The suspension quickly neutralizes hydrochloric acid, while maintaining the digestion process.

Maalox

Maalox is sold as a suspension. The antacid contains peppermint leaf oil. One of the disadvantages is that it reduces the absorption of phosphorus, so it is not recommended for elderly people and patients with joint problems.

Indicated for:

exacerbation of ulcers;
acute or chronic gastritis;
hiatal hernia;
reflux esophagitis;
heartburn;
functional dyspepsia;
epigastric pain.

An antacid drug is not prescribed for:

renal failure;
individual allergies to components;
fructose intolerance;
in childhood and adolescence up to 15 years;
hypophosphatemia.

The medicine is taken 15 ml one hour after meals. If pain occurs, you can take 1 sachet. But it should be noted that the maximum dose per day is 90 ml.

Depending on the disease, the dosage is determined:

for reflux esophagitis, use 30-60 ml after meals;
for ulcers - 15 ml half an hour before meals.

Treatment should not exceed 2-3 months.

The following side effects may occur:

hypersensitivity to components;
allergy;
rarely - constipation, diarrhea;
hypermagnesemia (increased magnesium levels).

The drug stays in the stomach for a long time and has a long-lasting protective effect.

Gaviscon

This drug has very few contraindications, has a beneficial effect on the cells of the esophagus, can be used during pregnancy, and has a protective effect. The effect appears within a few minutes and lasts for about 4 hours.

Indications:

heartburn;
belching;
dyspepsia;
gastroesophageal reflux;
toxicosis of pregnant women.

Contraindications:

individual intolerance;
age up to 12 years;
phenylketonuria.

Take up to 4 times a day, 2-4 tablets after meals and before bed, for up to 7 days.

Gaviscon, according to research, is the best drug for heartburn, named by the majority of surveyed gastroenterologists.

Sucralfate

Sucralfate refers to drugs that have an enveloping effect. The pharmacology is as follows: under its influence, the production of pepsin slows down, and the acid in the stomach is bound. The antacid is effective for 6 hours. The medicine is indicated for:

heartburn;
ulcers;
erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
reflux esophagitis.

The medicine is contraindicated in:

kidney diseases;
dysphagia;
internal bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract;
allergies to components.

List of side effects:

heaviness and discomfort in the abdomen and intestines;
constipation;
gas formation;
drowsiness;
itching

Adults are prescribed up to 1 g per day. The dose must be divided into 4 doses. The maximum allowed consumption is up to 12 g per day. The course lasts up to 6 weeks. In especially severe cases - 3 months.

Keep in mind that the antacid is available with a doctor's prescription.

Natural antacids

The use of medical drugs is not always necessary. With prolonged use or less pronounced symptoms, we advise you to pay attention to natural antacids.

The easiest and cheapest way to combat heartburn is to drink warm water (preferably mineral water)
Bananas pacify stomach pain and fight the symptoms of heartburn.
The use of potato or corn starch has a protective effect on the gastric mucosa. It practically does not dissolve in cold water, but in warm water it turns into an enveloping mixture. You can also eat starchy vegetables.
Clove oil perfectly coats the walls of the stomach and esophagus (2-3 drops per glass of water). It is also recommended to use ground cloves as a seasoning to combat heartburn.
Cinnamon is an excellent natural antiseptic and antacid.
Herbal tea made from mint, lavender and anise (with the addition of honey if desired) will perfectly cope with the burning sensation in the sternum area.
Dill seeds in a volume of ½ tsp. after eating they will help cope with heartburn and discomfort in the stomach.
Flax seed is often used to prevent ulcers and gastritis. It is used in the form of a mucous solution. For preparation you need: 1 tsp. crushed seeds per ½ tbsp. water. Consume warm 30 minutes before meals. The product envelops the walls of the stomach, protecting it.
Grapefruit peel, chewed for heartburn, will help cope with unpleasant symptoms.
1 tbsp. l. crushed walnuts once a day - good prevention of heartburn.
Freshly squeezed potato juice, taken before meals, 2 tbsp. l. - also a wonderful remedy.

In difficult cases, doctors still recommend regular use of antacid medications for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, as well as one-time use for heartburn and discomfort in the stomach.

Enveloping drugs have a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract and irritating factors no longer bring negative consequences.

The products have passed tests, as a result of which a beneficial effect has been proven for people suffering from frequent heartburn, gastritis and ulcers.

Before choosing a medication for yourself, you should consult your doctor, as there are contraindications for use. You also need to select the dosage individually.

Adsorbent drugs

Adsorbent agents will help protect nerve endings located on the mucous membranes from the negative effects of irritating substances. They prevent or slow down the absorption of toxic substances, thereby reducing the risk of poisoning the body. Some drugs in this category have a high enveloping ability. Such products include “Smecta”, “Polysorb”, “Enterosgel”.

In addition to their main purpose, adsorbents have a positive effect on the condition of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, protecting it from hydrochloric and bile acid, and pathogenic microorganisms. Taking adsorbents is indicated for intestinal upset, food poisoning, intestinal colic, ulcers, flatulence, gastritis, duodenitis.

Drugs for the treatment of intestines

Long-term problems with stool can lead to the development of inflammatory processes in the intestines. The main symptom of the pathological condition is colic, which is often very painful. Astringents, thanks to their anti-inflammatory and healing effects, will help you quickly get rid of unpleasant sensations and discomfort.

The most effective astringents are bismuth-based preparations. The substance in the form of a white powder helps fight the symptoms of inflammation and heartburn. Bismuth dissolves only in hydrochloric acid.

For peptic ulcers, it is also recommended to take astringents based on bismuth, which forms a protective film on the mucous surface of the digestive organs and stimulates the production of gastric mucus. Bismuth-containing medications - “Vicalin”, “Bismuth nitrate”, “De-nol”, “Vicair” - inhibit the vital activity of Helicobacter pylori, but do not change the composition of gastric juice.

Astringent drugs

The group of astringents includes substances that react with tissue proteins (exudates of cell membranes, mucus) and, forming albuminates, cause the transformation of sol into gel and partial coagulation of the protein. Albuminates, which in the form of a film cover the surface of the skin or mucous membrane, protect nerve endings from irritation, reducing pathological impulses, including painful (nociceptive) ones.

In addition, the elastic film mechanically compresses the vessels, as a result of which the permeability of their walls decreases and the exudation process slows down. Anti-inflammatory, deodorizing, minor analgesic and hemostatic effects are realized. When the drug is taken orally, it has an antidiarrheal and, in some cases, a detoxifying effect.

Astringent drugs are divided into two groups: inorganic and organic origin. Astringent drugs of inorganic origin include salts of some metals (basic bismuth nitrate, lead acetate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, silver nitrate, etc. in small concentrations).

Basic bismuth nitrate is prescribed in ointments, pastes, liniments, due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The drug is part of complex antacid drugs (Vicalin, Vikair), which are prescribed for peptic ulcers.

For inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes (dermatitis, ulcers, eczema), dermatol (bismuth subgalate), xeroform (basic bismuth tribromophenolate), which have an astringent and antiseptic effect, are also used in the form of powders and ointments.

Pharmacology of other inorganic astringents (see Antiseptics and disinfectants).

The effect of inorganic astringents is short-lived.

Side effects (nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia) can be observed with long-term use of drugs containing metals, or with individual intolerance.

Astringents of organic origin are obtained from medicinal plant materials. They are contained in extracts from the bark of common oak, roots of angelica officinalis, common knotweed herb, thistle, St. John's wort, flowers of immortelle sandy, herbs and roots of celandine, leaves of mackerel, lingonberry, chamomile inflorescences, leaves and unripe fruits of walnuts, fruits of common juniper, blueberries, leaves and fruits of chestnut, rhizomes of cinquefoil erecta, serpentine, etc.

Although the chemical composition of medicinal plants varies, most of them contain tannins, which have astringent properties. Medicinal plants are especially widely used in folk medicine, however, some drugs (oak bark, sage leaves, chamomile inflorescences, etc.) are included in the arsenal of drugs of official medicine.

Oak bark is used in the form of a decoction for gargling for inflammatory processes in the throat and oral cavity and internally for colitis and diarrhea. An infusion of sage leaves and a preparation of salvia, as well as a tincture of St. John's wort herb, are prescribed for gums and gargling and mouthwash for gingivitis and stomatitis, decubital ulcers of the oral mucosa.

Salvia sage preparation is prescribed for gargling and mouthwash. As an astringent in a decoction for gargling the throat and mouth, you can prepare decoctions from the rhizome of cinquefoil and meadowsweet flowers.

Tannin is tannic acid from ink nuts (growths on oak and other plants). In solutions, depending on the concentration, the drug is prescribed for rinsing the mouth during inflammatory processes of the throat with a 1-2% solution; for burns and ulcers, it is treated with a 3-10% solution. The stomach is washed with a 0.5% tannin solution in cases of poisoning with salts of alkaloids and heavy metals (with these substances, tannin forms insoluble compounds that are almost not absorbed).

With some alkaloids (morphine, cocaine, atropine, nicotine), tannin also forms unstable compounds, which requires their rapid removal.

Astringent drugs are used topically for inflammatory processes of various localizations (stomatitis, gingivitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, vaginitis, dermatitis, enteritis), prescribed to patients with gastric ulcers (bismuth subcitrate in the preparations de-nol and gastro-norm, bismuth nitrate main - in vikalin and vikair).

The drug "Almagel"

This is one of the most popular medications in the antacid category. The product is available in the form of a suspension and tablets. Depending on the type of pathology, you can select the appropriate composition of the drug. The basic set of active ingredients - magnesium and aluminum hydroxide - contains the Almagel suspension in green packaging. The medication is used to relieve discomfort caused by heartburn. The active substances fairly quickly neutralize the effect of hydrochloric acid. The drug itself and similar coating agents are not used to treat peptic ulcers.

For acute gastritis, duodenitis, reflux esophagitis, ulcers and enteritis, Almagel A in yellow packaging will be effective. The drug additionally contains benzocaine.

For the treatment of chronic pathologies of the digestive tract and ailments in the acute stage, accompanied by increased gas formation, it is recommended to use the drug “Almagel Neo”. The product has an enveloping, adsorbing and carminative effect. It is possible to eliminate the symptoms of flatulence due to the presence of simethicone in the composition.

"Phosphalugel": reviews, indications for use

The main active component of this enveloping drug in gel form is aluminum phosphate (20%). The medicine is available in sachets and has a pleasant orange taste. "Phosphalugel" should be taken with increased formation of hydrochloric acid. The active components of the drug envelop the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, protecting it from aggressive factors, and promotes the regeneration of damaged areas.

Enveloping agents with a similar composition can be used in the following cases:

gastritis (chronic, acute);
ulcerative damage to the digestive tract;
non-ulcer dyspepsia syndrome;
functional diarrhea;
intoxication of the body with drugs, alcohol;
hernia;
intestinal or stomach disorders.

In emergency cases, you can also take Phosphalugel. Reviews from experts indicate that the drug has a rapid therapeutic effect, unlike other drugs. The drug in the form of a gel can be used to treat babies from 6 months.

Medicines

Colloidal bismuth preparations

Colloidal bismuth compounds, when combined with gastric hydrochloric acid, form a glycoprotein-bismuth complex, which settles mainly in the area of eroded and ulcerated areas of the mucosa. The protective barrier does not allow hydrochloric acid, pepsin, or food to reach the damaged areas, and the mucous membrane is restored faster.

A feature of bismuth preparations is their low bioavailability. During a course of treatment after a month, the concentration of bismuth in the blood plasma barely reaches 50 mcg/l. It takes 8 weeks to completely remove bismuth compounds from the body.

De-nol;
Vetrisol;
Bizmat;
Bisnol.

Side effects: headache, dizziness, alternating constipation and diarrhea. The stool is dark due to the formation of bismuth sulfide in the intestines.

Sucralfate is a complex aluminum-containing disaccharide that is not absorbed when taken orally. Polymerization occurs in the acidic environment of the stomach.

The resulting substance tightly combines with the proteins of the gastric mucosa, especially in the area of erosions and ulcers. The protective layer in the organ lasts up to 8 hours.

Side effects: dry mouth, stomach discomfort, nausea, stool disorders, local allergic reaction - hyperemia and itching of the skin.

Contraindications:

children under 4 years old;
pregnancy period;
renal dysfunction.

Preparations containing aluminum

Phosphalugel - colloidal aluminum phosphate has an antacid, enveloping, sorbing and analgesic effect. The drug, neutralizing excess hydrochloric acid, preserves the environment in the stomach necessary for digesting food. Envelops the walls of the stomach, reduces pain, accelerates epithelial repair.

Contraindications: Alzheimer's disease, hypophosphatemia, severe kidney pathologies.

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, constipation, allergic reactions.

Almagel has similar pharmacological properties to Phosphalugel: antacid, enveloping, sorbent. By binding and eliminating damaging substances, aluminum and magnesium hydroxide cover the surface of the gastric mucosa with a film. The drug contains the substance benzocaine, which has a pronounced analgesic effect.

Main contraindications: Alzheimer's disease, kidney failure, children under 10 years of age, low levels of phosphorus in the blood.

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, constipation, allergies.

Combination drugs

Vikalin contains bismuth subnitrate, sodium bicarbonate, rutin, magnesium carbonate, active flavonoids of calamus and buckthorn. This composition provides anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, reparative, antispasmodic effects of the drug.

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, headache, allergic reactions: rash, urticaria.

Contraindicated in case of poor blood clotting, children under 18 years of age, hypoacid gastritis, renal failure, enteritis and colitis, during pregnancy and lactation.

Vikair is a combined drug: bismuth subnitrate forms a protective film, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate reduce the acidity of gastric secretions, the active component of calamus acts as an antispasmodic - it relieves pain and muscle spasms.

Contraindications: hypoacid gastritis, kidney pathology, children under 18 years of age, pregnant and lactating women, enterocolitis.

Natural antacids

Licorice root syrup contains glycyrrhizic acid. This glycoside, when combined with water, foams and forms a gel. In the stomach, it stimulates the production of prostaglandins, promotes

healing of ulcerative defects.

Flax-seed. The mucus released when boiling the seeds covers the inflamed gastric mucosa, relieves pain, prevents eroded areas from coming into contact with the acidic contents of gastric juice, and accelerates the scarring of ulcers.

Starch is a polysaccharide in its chemical composition. Starch swells in water, forming a colloidal solution - a paste. This property is used in the treatment of stomach inflammation caused by insufficient production of protective mucus by glandular cells - mucin. Starch has an analgesic and enveloping effect. In addition, it normalizes the process of gas formation and prevents flatulence.

Oats. The active components of the cereal have a healing effect on ulcerative defects, reduce the inflammatory process, and promote accelerated cell regeneration. For severe pain and spasms, oatmeal decoction relieves pain.

Comfrey. The mucus formed by decoction of the root contains a healing flavonoid - allantoin, which stimulates the development of new cells. Once in the stomach, it has an enveloping, healing and anti-inflammatory effect.

Folk recipes

You can cope with the symptoms of heartburn, ulcers and other pathologies of the digestive tract using traditional methods. Flax seeds, starch, oatmeal, and marshmallow root will help protect the mucous membrane. The most popular drink is one made from potato starch. By the way, many pharmaceutical enveloping agents for the intestines and stomach contain this component in their composition. Making the drink is quite simple. It is enough to dilute a tablespoon of starch in 100 ml of warm water and drink the resulting mixture.

The mucus secreted by flax seeds has a pronounced enveloping effect. They can be used both for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the digestive system. To do this, pour boiling water (1 cup) over flax seeds (1 tsp) and wait 15-20 minutes. After a while, the mixture will swell and become like jelly. The resulting mass must be filtered and the solution taken warm an hour before meals.

Traditional medicine offers quite effective enveloping agents to combat intestinal and stomach diseases. According to patient reviews, unconventional methods of treating these ailments help relieve pain and normalize digestion.

Products that coat the stomach and protect the mucous membrane

A special diet for inflammatory pathology of the digestive tract ensures a positive result of drug therapy. Therefore, the diet includes foods that envelop and protect the gastric mucosa. They contain starches. Dishes prepared from them have a slimy consistency. Edible components capable of forming a colloidal solution can be consumed as a side dish or drink.

Potato

Tubers contain complex polysaccharide complexes, which, when heat treated, acquire a mucous structure. Potato dishes are products that coat the gastric mucosa. They are well absorbed and gently restore food tolerance during exacerbation of the disease. For gastritis and gastroduodenitis, it is recommended to include mashed potatoes, baked or boiled potatoes in the diet.

Potato juice for gastritis

The product is rich in the following components:

organic acids;
starch;
vitamins - A, PP, C, H, E;
fiber.

Ready-made tubers are a high-calorie dish that quickly saturates the body, removes toxic substances, and improves metabolic processes.

Oats

A healthy and popular dish is oat porridge. Cereal broth contains many elements, such as:

vitamins A, B, E;
mineral components - potassium, iodine, manganese, zinc, copper, selenium, bromine, silicon;
pantothenic acid;
enzymes;
amino acids;
essential oils.

Liquid oatmeal is a food that coats the walls during stomach pain. The mucous consistency reduces the adverse effects of hydrochloric acid on organs and normalizes the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract. Regular consumption of the dish helps to quickly restore the digestive process. The decoction has a beneficial effect on metabolism, removes excess fluid, eliminates swelling, strengthens vascular walls, and reduces blood glucose levels.

Kissel for gastritis: 13 recipes for treating the stomach

Linen

The seeds of the plant contain polysaccharide complexes and proteins.

During cooking, a mucous liquid is formed, in which there is a high concentration of starch and mucus. These substances envelop the mucous membrane of not only the stomach, but also the intestines. They are distributed along the inner surface of the digestive tract and perform a protective function. Flax plant fibers have antioxidant properties and normalize intestinal motility. Polyunsaturated fatty acids increase immunity and reduce inflammation.

To prepare the solution, combine 3 tablespoons of seeds with a liter of boiled water. The infusion is left for 10 hours covered in a saucepan. Strain and take half a glass 2 times a day 20 minutes before meals.